FAST National University of Computer and
Emerging Sciences Peshawar
Lecture # 03
Software Construction and
Development
(Java Programming)
Instructor: Muhammad Abdullah Orakzai
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
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االنسان ما لم يعلم۔
Operators in Java
Contents
1) Operators in java
2) Unary operators
3) Binary operators
4) Ternary operators
5) Scanner Class in java
6) Character in java
Operator
Operator is a symbol which is used to perform some operation.
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Types of operators
1) Unary operators
2) Binary operators
3) Ternary operators
1) Unary Operator
1. Increment (++)
2. Decrement (--)
3. Negation (!)
2) Binary Operator
1. Arithmetic (+, -, *, /, %)
2. Relational (>, <, >=, <=, !=, ==)
3. Logical (&&, ||)
4. Assignment (=)
5. Arithmetic Assignment operator (+=, -=, *=, /=, %=)
3) Ternary Operator
Conditional operator (?:)
Example
(condition) ? statement 1 : statement 2;
int result= (n1>n2) ? n1 : n2;
Hard coded values
Values given during variable declaration.
Value given to variable in source code.
Examples
Mathematical Operators in
Java
Logical Operators in Java
Increment and Decrement
Operators
The operators that is used to add 1 to the value of a variable is
called increment operator.
The operator that is used to subtract 1 from the value of a variable
is called decrement operator.
The Increment Operator (+
+)
The increment operator is represented by a double plus (++) sign.
It is used to add 1 to the value of an integer variable.
This variable can be used before or after the variable name.
For example, to add 1 to a value of variable xy, it is normally written
as
xy = xy + 1;
By using increment operator “++” it is written as
xy++
The Increment Operator (+
+)…
The increment operator can be written either before or after the
variable.
If it is written before the variable, it is known as prefixing.
If it is written after the variable, it is known as post fixing.
Prefix and postfix operators have different effects when they are
used in expressions.
Prefix Increment Operator
When an increment operator is used in prefix mode in an
expression, it adds 1 to the value of the variable before the values of
the variable is used in the expression.
For Example
Prefix Increment Operator…
In the above program, 1 will be added to the value of c before it is
used in the expression.
Thus after execution, the result will be equal to 8 and the value of c
will be 3.
Postfix Increment Operator
When an increment operator is used in postfix mode in an
expression, it adds 1 to the value of the variable after the values of
the variable is used in the expression.
For Example, if in the above example, increment operator is used in
postfix mode, the result will be different. The statement will be
shown below:
result =a + b + c++;
Postfix Increment Operator…
In this case, 1 will be added to the value of c after its existing value
has been used in the expression. Thus after execution, the result will
be equal to 7 and the value of c will be 3.
The Decrement Operator (--)
The decrement operator is represented by a double plus (--) sign.
It is used to subtract 1 from the value of an integer variable.
This variable can be used before or after the variable name.
For example, to subtract 1 from the value of variable xy, the
decrement statement is written as:
xy--; or --xy;
Prefix Decrement Operator
When decrement operator is used in prefix mode in an expression,
it subtracts 1 from the value of the variable before the values of the
variable is used in the expression.
For Example
Prefix Decrement Operator…
In the above program, 1 will be subtracted from the value of c
before it is used in the expression.
Thus after execution, the result will be equal to 6 and the value of
c will be 1.
Postfix Decrement Operator
When an decrement operator is used in postfix mode in an
expression, it subtracts 1 from the value of the variable after the
values of the variable is used in the expression.
For Example, if in the above example, decrement operator is used
in postfix mode, the result will be different. The statement will be
shown below:
result =a + b + c--;
Postfix Decrement
Operator…
In this case, 1 will be subtracted from the value of c after its
existing value has been used in the expression. Thus after execution,
the result will be equal to 7 and the value of c will be 1.
Runtime values
Values given to variable during program execution.
Scanner Class
Scanner is built in class which is used to get data from users.
Method in Scanner Class
1) nextInt() To get integer values
2) nextFloat() To get float values
3) nextDouble() To get double values
4) next() To get String values. It will not accept space
5) nextLine() To get String values. It will accept space
Scanner Class object
Scanner obj = new Scanner([Link]);
Note: Scanner class is contained in “ [Link] ” pakage of java.
Import Statement:
Import [Link];
String Class
String is predefined class. String is treated as object in java.
Syntax:
String variableName;
Example
String name, fName;
[Link](“Enter name”);
name= [Link]();
Character in Java
Scanner class in Java supports nextInt(), nextLong(), nextDouble()
etc. But there is no nextChar()
To read a char, we use next().charAt(0). next() function returns the
next token/word in the input as a string and charAt(0) function
returns the first character in that string.
char letterA = 'A’;
Character in Java…
Character in Java…
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