Variables
Variables :- Variables are containers for storing data values.
Creating Variables :-
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
• Example :-
x = 5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)
• Note :- Variables do not need to be declared with any particular type, and can
even change type after they have been set.
• Example :-
x=4 # x is of type int
x = "Sally" # x is now of type str
print(x)
Casting :-
If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done with
casting.
• Example :-
x = str(3) # x will be '3'
y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0
Get the Type :-
You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function.
• Example :-
x = 5
y = "John"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
Single or Double Quotes?
String variables canExample
be declared either by using single or double quotes:
• Example :-
x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'
Case-Sensitive :-
Variable names are case-sensitive.
• Example :-
a=4
A = "Sally"Example
#A will not overwrite a
Variable Names :-
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name
(age, carname, total_volume). Rules for Python variables:
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three
different variables)
• A variable name cannot be any of the Python keywords.
• Example :-
• Legal variable names:-
myvar = "John"
my_var = "John"
_my_var = "John"
myVar = "John"
MYVAR = "John"
myvar2 = "John“
• Example :-
• Illegal variable names:-
2myvar = "John"
my-var = "John"
my var = "John"
Multi Words Variable Names :-
• Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to read.
• There are several techniques you can use to make them more readable:
• Camel Case:-
Each word, except the first, starts with a capital letter:
myVariableName = "John"
• Pascal Case:-
Each word starts with a capital letter:
MyVariableName = "John"
• Snake Case:-
Each word is separated by an underscore character:
my_variable_name = "John"
Variables - Assign Multiple Values:-
• Many Values to Multiple Variables:-
Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line:
• Example:-
x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
One Value to Multiple Variables
And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line:
• Example:-
x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Unpack a Collection:-
If you have a collection of values in a list, tuple etc. Python allows
you to extract the values into variables. This is called unpacking.
• Example:-
• Unpack a list:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Output Variables:-
The python print() function is often used to output variables.
• Example:-
x = "Python is awesome"
print(x)
• In the print function ,you output variables separated by comma
• Example:-
x = "Python"
y = "is"
z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)
• You can also use the + operator to output multiple variables
• Example:-
x = "Python "
y = "is "
z = "awesome"
print(x + y + z)
• For numbers, the + character is works as a mathematical operator
• Example:-
x=5
y = 10
print(x + y)
• In the print when you try to combine a string and a number with the +
operator python will give you an error.
• Example:-
x=5
y = "John"
print(x + y)
• The best way to output multiple variables in the print() function is to
separate with the commas,which even support different data types.
• Example:-
x=5
y = "John"
print(x, y)
Global Variables :-
• Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the
examples above) are known as global variables.
• Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions
and outside.
• Example:-
• Create a variable outside of a function, and use it inside the function
x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()
• If you create a variable with the same name inside a function, this variable
will be local, and can only be used inside the function. The global variable
with the same name will remain as it was, global and with the original value.
• Example:-
• Create a variable inside a function, with the same name as the global variable
x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
x = "fantastic"
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)
The global Keyword :-
• Normally when you create a variable inside a function,that variable is
local,and cam only be used inside the function.
• To create a variable inside a function,you can use the global keyword.
• Example:-
• If you use the global keyword the variable belongs to global scope.
def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)
• Also use the global keyword if you want to change a global variable
inside a function.
• Example:-
• To change the value of a global variable inside a function,refer to the
variable by using the global keyword.
x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)