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Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure & Functions

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a eukaryotic cell organelle crucial for protein and lipid synthesis, absent in prokaryotic cells. It consists of three structures: cisternae, tubules, and vesicles, and divides the intracellular space into luminal and extra luminal compartments. There are two types of ER: Rough ER, which has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, and Smooth ER, which is ribosome-free and primarily involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis.

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5 views6 pages

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Structure & Functions

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a eukaryotic cell organelle crucial for protein and lipid synthesis, absent in prokaryotic cells. It consists of three structures: cisternae, tubules, and vesicles, and divides the intracellular space into luminal and extra luminal compartments. There are two types of ER: Rough ER, which has ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis, and Smooth ER, which is ribosome-free and primarily involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis.

Uploaded by

Arprita Reang
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM
• The Endoplasmic
Reticulum(ER) is a cell
organelle found in eukaryotic
cells.
• It forms an extensive
membrane network
connected to the nuclear
envelope.
• It plays a vital role in protein
and lipid synthesis.
• Absent in prokaryotic
cells(like bacteria).
• The endoplasmic reticulum is
composed of three kinds of
structures-
a. Cisternae- The cisternae are
long,flattened,parallel,sac-
like,interconnected
[Link] are found in
cells which are actively involvrd
in protein [Link]
cisternae usually occur in those
cells which have synthetic
roles,e.g.,cells of pancreas and
[Link] usually associated
with large subunit (60s)
ribosomes.
b. Tubules- The tubules are branched or
unbranched structures forming the reticular
system along with the cisternae and [Link]
are free of ribosomes and are common in cells
involved in lipid and sterol synthesis.
c. Vesicles- The vesicles are oval,membrane bound
vascuolar [Link] are also free of
[Link] are abundent in the pancreatic cells
and these are the only ER structures found in
spermatocytes.
 ER divides the intracellular space into two distinct
compartments:
 (i)Luminal compartment- It is the internal
space enclosed by ER membrane.
 (ii)Extra Luminal compartment- It is the
space ,present outside the ER in the cytoplasm.
TYPES OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• DEPENDING UPON THE NATURE OF ITS MEMBRANES ER IS OF TWO
TYPES:-
• ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (RER)- They are found extensive
and continuous with the outer membrane of nucleus .These have
rough membrane because a number of ribosomes occur attatched to
their outer surfaces.
• SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SER)- These are smooth
because they do not bear ribosomes in the form of granules on their
surface.
FUNCTIONS
• ER performs the following functions -
• RER is frequently observed in the ells which have their involvement in
the synthesis and secretion of proteins.
• SER is present in cells where they act as a major site for the synthesis
and also help in synthesis of lipid and also help in synthesis of
steroidal hormones in animal cells.

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