Event Driven
Programming
( C# )
August 12, 2022
1
Chapter 2
Introduction to .NET
2
An Overview of .NET
.NET platform is an integral
component of the Microsoft
Windows operating system for
building and running next
generation software applications
and Web services.
The .NET development framework
provides a new and simplified
model for programming and
deploying applications on the 3
.NET advantages
Multiplatform applications,
Automatic resource management,
Simplification of application
deployment,
Provides security support,
provides a simple object-oriented
model
Enables to use the existing native
code
Significantly extends the
4
.NET Platform
The Microsoft .NET platform consists
of four components:
1. .NET Framework : a
Multilanguage, application execution
environment.
Used for developing and creating
components to create Web Forms,
Web services, and Windows
applications.
It supports the software life cycle for
development, debugging, 5
.NET Platform
The .NET Framework consists of the
following parts:
Common Language Runtime (CLR).
.NET Framework base class library.
Common Language Specification (CLS).
A set of class libraries for building XML
Web services.
[Link] Web Forms-based Web
applications.
Common Type System (CTS).
Microsoft Visual Studio integrated
development environment (IDE). 6
Components of .NET
Framework
7
.NET Platform
2. Development tools:
o Microsoft provides the programming
model, the development
environment, and
o the tools necessary to build, deploy,
and operate Web services with
applications such as Visual Studio.
8
.NET Platform
3. .NET enterprise servers
The Microsoft .NET enterprise servers
make up the Microsoft .NET server
infrastructure for deploying,
managing, and operating XML Web
services and traditional applications.
9
.NET Platform
4. .NET foundation services
A core set of building block services
that execute standard tasks and act
as a basis for developers to build
upon.
These foundation services are known
as Microsoft .NET My Services and
provide many features and functions.
10
.NET Framework
The .NET Architecture
framework is responsible for
executing the C# program in the system.
Framework is the combination of common
language runtime and a set of class
libraries.
The implementation of Common Language
Infrastructure (CLI) is done through
Common Language Runtime (CLR).
Microsoft .NET framework consists of the
following main components:
Common Language Runtime
Base class library
User Program interfaces 11
.NET Framework
Architecture
12
Common Language Runtime
(CLR) where all the
CLR is an environment
programs using the .NET technology are
executed.
The services provided by CLR include code
compilation, memory allocation, and
garbage collection.
The code is translated into Microsoft
Intermediate language (MSIL).
The IL code can be executed across
different platforms.
IL is converted into machine language
during the execution by Just – In – Time13
Common Language Runtime
(CLR)
CLR consists of common set of rules
followed by all languages of the .NET
framework known as Common Language
Specification (CLS).
CLS helps the objects and applications
created in certain language to interact
with the object and applications of another
language.
CLS has the specification defined as
Common Type System (CTS).
CTS provides a type system that is
common across all languages. CTS is used
14
to define the data type declaration, use
Common Language Runtime
(CLR)
During the execution the CLR performs the
following tasks:
o Loading assemblies and identifying
namespaces
o JIT compilation
o Garbage collection
The core of the .NET Framework is the
CLR, the run-time environment provided
by .NET.
The runtime manages code at execution
time and provides core services such as
memory management, thread
15
Common Language Runtime
(CLR)
Code that targets the CLR is known as
managed code, whereas code that does
not target the CLR is known as
unmanaged code.
Unmanaged code can also be used in
the .NET environment using
interoperability techniques.
All .NET applications compile to a common
language called MSIL.
A JIT compiler then compiles MSIL to
optimized native code.
16
CLR
17
Benefits of CLR
Security: The runtime enforces code
access security.
Code Robustness: by implementing a
strict type-and-code-verification
infrastructure called the Common Type
System (CTS).
Developer Productivity: enables the
developers to write applications in the
development language of their choice and
still take advantage of all the features of
the runtime.
Performance: JIT compiling enables all
18
managed code to run in the native code of
Benefits of CLR
Interoperability: offers backward
compatibility by supporting older software.
19
Base Class Library
.NET Framework Base class library is an
object-oriented class library works with
any .NET language such as [Link], VC#,
VC++.NET.
enable you to perform a range of common
programming tasks such as string
management, data collection, database
connectivity, and file access.
The class library includes classes that
support to develop a variety of
applications such as console applications,
GUI (graphic user interface) applications,
and Web applications. 20
Base Class Library
In Microsoft .NET library, all classes (types)
are grouped in namespaces.
The .NET framework class library consists
of namespaces that are contained within
the assemblies.
Namespaces: helps user to create logical
groups of similar kind of classes and
interfaces.
Assemblies: An assembly is a single
deployment unit that contains all
information regarding implementation of
classes, structures and interfaces. The
assembly holds the information about itself. 21
User and Program Interfaces
.NET provides user with three types of
interfaces.
1) Windows Forms: used in Windows
based applications.
2) Web Forms: They provide user with
web browser interface.
3) Console Applications: used to create
character based console applications that
are executed through command line.
The .NET framework provides interface
called Web Services to communicate with
remote components.
22
Other .Net frameworks
Common Type System (CTS)
It describes set of data types that can be
used in different .Net languages in
common. (i.e), CTS ensures that objects
written in different .Net languages can
interact with each other.
The CTS supports two general categories of
types:
Value types: directly contain their data,
and instances of value types are either
allocated on the stack or allocated inline in
a structure.
Reference types: store a reference to the 23
Other .Net frameworks
Common Language Specification (CLS)
It is a sub set of CTS and it specifies a set
of rules that needs to be adhered or
satisfied by all language compilers
targeting CLR.
It helps in cross language inheritance and
cross language debugging.
It describes the minimal and complete set
of features to produce code that can be
hosted by CLR.
It ensures that products of compilers will
work properly in .NET environment.
24
Advantages of .NET Framework
A consistent, object-oriented programming
environment.
A code-execution environment that:
Promotes safe execution of code.
Eliminates the performance problems of
scripted
Minimizes software deployment and versioning
conflicts.
A consistent experience for both
developers and users
.NET is based on open Internet standards,
which include HTTP, SOAP (Simple object
access protocol)
25
SDI and MDI Forms
The SDI and MDI forms are the interface
design for document handling within a
single Windows application.
MDI: A multiple document Interface is one
that allows viewing multiple windows within
a large window.
SDI: A single Document Interface is one
where all Windows appear independently of
one another without the unification of a
single parent window.
26
Applications that can be created
with .NET
Desktop applications
Web based applications
Embedded systems applications
Others including:
o Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
applications
o Console based applications
o Service-oriented applications using Windows
Communication Foundation (WCF)
o Workflow-enabled applications using Windows
Workflow Foundation (WF)
o [Link] applications
27