CONDITIONAL AND ITERATIVE

STATEMENTS
SEQUEN SELECTIO ITERATI
CE N ON

CONDITIONAL AND ITERATIVE

STATEMENTS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this lesson, students will

be able to:

Understand the concept and usage of

selection and iteration statements.

Know various types of loops available

in Python.

Analyze the problem, decide and

evaluate conditions.
LEARNING OUTCOMES

Will be able to analyze and decide for

an appropriate combination of
constructs.

Write code that employ decision

structures, including those that employ
sequences of decision and nested
decisions.

Design simple applications having

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
Programs are written for the
solution to the real world problems. A
language should have the ability to
control the flow of execution so that at
different intervals different statements
can be executed. Structured programming
is a paradigm aims at controlling the flow
of execution of statements in a program
by using control structures.
A language which supports the
control structures is called as structured
TYPES OF CONTROL STRUCTURES
 A Structured programming is an
important feature of a programming
language which comprises following
logical structure:

1. SEQUENCE

2. SELECTION

3. ITERATION OR LOOPING

4. BRANCHING OR JUMPING STATEMENTS

 1. SEQUENCE

Sequence is the default control

structure; instructions are executed
one after another.

Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3
……..
……..
……..
1. SEQUENCE – FLOW CHART
1. SEQUENCE – FLOW CHART

Statement 1

Statement 2

Statement 3
SEQUE
NCE
1. SEQUENCE - PROGRAM
 1. SEQUENCE - PROGRAM

Sequence is the default control

structure; instructions are executed
one after another.
# This program adds two numbers
def sum_of_two_no():
num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3
sum = float(num1) + float(num2)
print(“The sum is =“, sum)
sum_of_two_no()
2. SELECTION

SELECTIO
N
 2. SELECTION

A selection statement causes the

program control to be transferred to
a specific flow based upon whether a
certain condition is true or not.
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

Conditional constructs (also

known as if statements) provide a
way to execute a chosen block of
code based on the run-time
evaluation of one or more Boolean
expressions. In Python, the most
general form of a conditional is
written as follows:

Contd.. Next Slide

CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT
: Colon
Must
if first condition:
first body
elif second condition:
second body
elif third condition:
third body
else:
fourth body
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

FLOW CHART
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

FLOW CHART

False
Condition ? Statement 1 Statement 2

Main True
Body
Statement 1

else
Statement 2 body
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

Each condition is a Boolean

expression, and each body contains
one or more commands that are to
be executed conditionally.

If the first condition succeeds, the

first body will be executed; no other
conditions or bodies are evaluated
in that case.
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

If the first condition fails, then the

process continues in similar manner
with the evaluation of the second
condition. The execution of this overall
construct will cause precisely one of
the bodies to be executed.

There may be any number of elif

clauses (including zero), and
 The final else clause is optional.
CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT – if else
STATEMENT

EXAMPLE - PROGRAM
EXAMPLES – if STATEMENT

else is
missing, it is
an optional
statement

OUT
PUT
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT

EXAMPLE – if else STATEMENT

EXAMPLE – if else STATEMENT

: Colon
Must

else is
used

OUT
PUT
 CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCT

EXAMPLES – if elif STATEMENT

EXAMPLES – if elif STATEMENT

READ AS
18 is less
than age
and
18 is less
than 60

OUTPU
T
PROGRAM LIST ON if CONTSTUCT
 PROGRAM LIST ON if CONTSTUCT

1. Write a PYTHON program that reads a

value of n and check the number is zero
or non zero value.
2. Write a PYTHON program to find a
largest of two numbers.
3. Write a PYTHON program that reads
the number and check the no is positive
or negative.
4. Write a PYTHON program to check
entered character is vowel or consonant.
5. PROGRAM
Write a LIST ON if CONTSTUCT
PYTHON program to
evaluate the student performance
If % is >=90 then Excellent
performance
If % is >=80 then Very Good
performance
If % is >=70 then Good
performance
If % is >=60 then average
performance
else Poor performance.
6. Write a PYTHON program to find
largest of three numbers.
PROGRAM LIST ON if CONTSTUCT

[Link] a PYTHON program to check

weather number is even or odd.
[Link] a PYTHON program to check a
year for leap year.
10. A company insures its drivers in the
following cases:
- If the driver is married.
- If the driver is unmarried, male and
above 30 years of age.
- If the driver is unmarried, female and
above 25 years of age.
 PROGRAM LIST ON if CONTSTUCT

In all the other cases, the driver is

not insured.
If the marital status, sex and age of
the driver are the inputs,

Write a PYTHON program to

determine whether the driver is
insured or not

***
3. ITERATION OR LOOPING

ITERATI
ON
3. ITERATION OR LOOPING

What is loop or iteration?

Loops can execute a block of code
number of times until a certain
condition is met.
OR
The iteration statement allows
instructions to be executed until a
certain condition is to be fulfilled.
The iteration statements are also
called as loops or Looping statements.
3. ITERATION OR LOOPING

Python provides two kinds of loops &

they are:
while loop

for loop
while loop
 while loop
A while loop allows general
repetition based upon the repeated
testing of a Boolean condition
The syntax for a while loop in
Python is as follows:
: Colon
while condition:
Must
body
Where, loop body contain the
single statement or set of
statements (compound statement)
or an empty statement.
 while loop

The loop iterates while the

expression evaluates to true, when
expression becomes false the loop
terminates.
FLOW
CHART

while
while loop – Programming example
 while loop - programs
# Natural Numbers generation

OUTPUT
 while loop - programs
# Calculating Sum of Natural
Numbers

OUTPUT
 while loop - programs
#Generating Fibonacci
numbers
 while loop - programs
#Generating Fibonacci
numbers

OUTPUT
 while loop - Programs

Class work / Home Work

 while loop - programs

1. Write a PYTHON program to print the

natural numbers up to n
2. Write a PYTHON program to print even
numbers up to n
3. Write a PYTHON program to print odd
numbers up to n
4. Write a PYTHON program to print sum
of natural numbers up to n
while loop - programs

5. Write a PYTHON program to print

sum of odd numbers up to n
6. Write a PYTHON program to print
sum of even numbers up to n
7. Write a PYTHON program to print
natural numbers up to n in reverse
order.
8. Write a PYTHON program to print
Fibonacci series up to n
9. Write a PYTHON program find a
factorial of given number
 while loop - programs

10. Write a PYTHON program to check

the entered number is prime or not
11. Write a PYTHON program to find the
sum of digits of given number
12. Write a PYTHON program to check
the entered number is palindrome or
not
13. Write a PYTHON program to reverse
the given number.
 while loop - programs

14. Write a PYTHON program to print the

multiplication table
15. Write a PYTHON program to print the
largest of n numbers
16. Write a PYTHON program to print
smallest of n numbers
for LOOP
 for LOOP

Python’s for-loop syntax is a more

convenient alternative to a while loop
when iterating through a series of
elements. The for-loop syntax can be
used on any type of iterable structure,
such as a list, tuple str, set, dict, or file
Syntax or general format of for loop is,

for element in iterable:

body
 for LOOP

Python’s for-loop syntax is a more

convenient alternative to a while loop
when iterating through a series of
elements. The for-loop syntax can be
used on any type of iterable structure,
such as a list, tuple str, set, dict, or file
Syntax or general format of for loop is,

for element in iterable:

body
for LOOP
Till the list
exhaust for
loop will
continue to
execute.

OUTPU
T
 for LOOP

range KEYWORD
 for LOOP - range
KEYWORD
The range() function returns a
sequence of numbers, starting from 0
by default, and increments by 1 (by
default), and ends at a specified
number.

range(start, stop, step)

for n in range(3 x
O = range(3,
,6):
print(n) R 6)
 for LOOP - range KEYWORD

#Generating series of
numbers

OUTPU
T
 for LOOP - range KEYWORD
#Generating even numbers

OUTPU
T
for LOOP – len() FUNCTION
 for LOOP - range KEYWORD
# print string character by
character

OUTPU
T
else statement in loop
 else statement in loop

else can be used in for and while loops the else body
will be executed as and when the loop’s conditional
expression evaluates to false
OUTPUT
 for loop - Programs

Class work / Home Work

for loop – Programs - Class work / Home
Work

1. Write a PYTHON program to print the

natural numbers up to n
2. Write a PYTHON program to print even
numbers up to n
3. Write a PYTHON program to print odd
numbers up to n
4. Write a PYTHON program that prints
1 2 4 8 16 32 … n2
5. Write a PYTHON program to sum the
given sequence
1 + 1/ 1! + 1/ 2! + 1/3! + …. + 1/n!
 for loop – Programs - Class work /
Home Work
6. Write a PYTHON program to compute
the cosine series
cos(x) = 1 – x2 / 2! + x4 / 4! – x6 / 6! +
… xn / n!

7. Write a short PYTHON program to check

weather the square root of number is
prime or not.
8. Write a PYTHON program to produce
following design
ABC
ABC
for loop – Programs - Class work /
Home Work

9. Write a PYTHON program to

produce following design
A
AB
ABC
ABCD
ABCDE
If user enters n value as 5
for loop – Programs - Class work /
Home Work

10. Write a PYTHON program to

produce following design
ABCDE
ABCD
ABC
AB
A
(If user enters n value as 5)
for loop – Programs - Class work /
Home Work

11. Write a PYTHON program to

produce following design
1
12
123
1234
12345
If user enters n value as 5
for loop – Programs - Class work /
Home Work

12. Write a PYTHON program to

produce following design
1
22
333
4444
55555
If user enters n value as 5
 4. BRANCHING OR JUMPING
STATEMENTS
 4. BRANCHING OR JUMPING
STATEMENTS

Python has an unconditional

branching statements and they
are,
1. break STATEMENT

2. continue STATEMENT
 1. break STATEMENT

Break can be used to unconditionally

jump out of the loop. It terminates the
execution of the loop. Break can be used
in while loop and for loop. Break is mostly
required, when because of some external
condition, we need to exit from a loop.
 1. break
STATEMENT
Loop
Condition ? break
causes
jump
True

Statement 1

break
1. break STATEMENT
OUT
PUT
 2. continue STATEMENT

The continue statement in

Python returns the control to the
beginning of the while loop.
The continue statement rejects all
the remaining statements in the
current iteration of the loop and
moves the control back to the top
of the loop. The continue
statement can be used in both
 2. continue STATEMENT

Loop False
Condition ?

True
Statement 1

Statements
ignored or continue
skipped
continue
Statement n
causes
jump
 2. continue STATEMENT

when i value becomes 2 the print

statement gets skipped, continue
statement goes for next iteration, hence
pass STATEMENT
 pass STATEMENT

The pass statement in Python is

used when a statement is required
syntactically but you do not want
any command or code to execute.
The pass statement is
a null operation; nothing happens
when it executes.
The pass is also useful in places
where your code will eventually go,
but has not been written yet (e.g.,
 pass STATEMENT

pass in loop
pass in has no
loop output
Difference Between break
and continue

break continue
Difference Between break and
continue
BREAK CONTINUE
It terminates the It terminates only the
execution of current iteration of the
remaining iteration of loop.
the loop.
'break' resumes the 'continue' resumes the
control of the control of the program to
program to the end of the next iteration of that
loop enclosing that loop enclosing 'continue'.
'break'.
It causes early It causes early execution
termination of loop. of the next iteration.
'break' stops the 'continue' do not stops
CLASS TEST
 CLASS TEST
Time: 40 Min Max Marks: 20

1. Explain the types control structures

05
2. Write a program to check number is
prime or not
05

3. Write a program to check the entered

number is Armstrong number or not
05
Thank You