Geometric
Designs
Mathematics in the Modern World
Name the Shape
SPHERE
Name the Shape
CONE
Name the Shape
CYLINDER
Name the Shape
PRISM
Name the Shape
PYRAMID
Polygon
two-dimensional shape with straight sides.
classified according to the number of its sides,
such as a three-sided shape called triangle and
four-sided shape called quadrilateral.
Others are pentagon, heptagon, hexagon, and so
on.
Polygons are either simple or complex.
A simple polygon has only one boundary and
never crosses over itself
complex polygon intersects itself.
Pentagon
Simpl Complex
e
Polygons are either concave or convex.
• A convex polygon has no angles pointing
inward; no internal angles can be more than
180.
• If any internal angles are greater than 180,
it is a concave.
Conve Concave
x
Polygons are either regular or irregular.
If all angles are equal and all sides are equal, it
is regular; otherwise, it is irregular.
Regul Irregular
ar
The interior angles of a polygon are the angles inside
the shape. In general, for a polygon with n sides, the
sum of the internal angles is equal to (𝑛 − 2) ×180°
and if the polygon is regular, the measurement of
each angle is equal to (𝑛−2)× 180° /𝑛.
The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is 360O.
The interior and exterior angles of each vertex on a
polygon add up to 180O.
Solid
A solid is the geometry of a three-dimensional
space or 3D because there are three
dimensions: width, depth, and height.
Solids have properties, such as volume (think
of how much water it could hold) and surface
area (think of the area you would have to
paint).
Solid
There are two main types of solids, namely:
polyhedra and non-polyhedra.
A polyhedron is a solid made of flat surfaces;
each surface is a polygon, like the platonic
solids, prisms, and pyramids.
Non-polyhedra are solids with curved
surfaces, or a mix of curved and flat surfaces,
such as spheres, cylinders, cones, and torus.
Polyhedra
Non-polyhedra
Platonic Solid
Platonic solid is a convex polyhedron whose
faces are all congruent convex regular
polygons.
None of its faces intersect except at their
edges, and it has the same number of faces
that meet at each of its vertices. There are five
platonic solids.
Euler ’s Formula
Euler’s Formula deals with three-dimensional
shapes called polyhedra.
It states that F + V - E = 2 where
F is the number of faces,
V is the number of vertices, and
E is the number of edges.
Euler ’s Formula
Prism
Prism is a polyhedron whose sides are all flat.
It has the same cross section all along its
length, and its shape is polygon.
Classified as either regular prism because the
cross section of each is a regular polygon or
irregular prism because its cross section is an
irregular polygon.
Prism
Prism is a polyhedron whose sides are all flat.
It has the same cross section all along its
length, and its shape is polygon.
Classified as either regular prism because the
cross section of each is a regular polygon or
irregular prism because its cross section is an
irregular polygon.
Regular Prism
Irregular
Prism
P yramid
Pyramid is a polyhedron made by connecting a
base to an apex.
There are many types of pyramids, and they
are named after the shape of their base.
DO YOU
HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS
ON
NON -
Cone is made by rotating a triangle.
POLYHEDRA
The triangle has to be a right-
angled triangle, and it gets rotated
around one of its two short sides.
The side it rotates around is the
axis of the cone. It has a flat base
and has one curved side. Because
of its curved surface, it is not
polyhedron.
NON -
Cylinder is a three-dimensional solid
POLYHEDRA
object bounded by a curved surface
and two parallel circles of equal size
at the ends. The curved surface is
formed by all the line segments
joining corresponding points of the
two parallel circles. Because of its
curved surface, it is not a
NON -
Sphere is a perfectly round object in a
POLYHEDRA
three-dimensional space. It is non-
polyhedron because the surface is
completely round. It is perfectly
symmetrical with no edges or vertices.
All points on the surface are the same
distance from the center.
NON -
Torus is a solid formed by revolving a
POLYHEDRA
small circle along a line made by
another circle. It has no edges or
vertices and, therefore, it is not
polyhedron.
LOOK AT
THESE
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE
The best way to learn is by doing actual math equations. Duplicate
this page as many times as needed to give you more space for
elaboration.
EXAMPLE
The best way to learn is by doing actual math equations. Duplicate
this page as many times as needed to give you more space for
elaboration.
Translation Rotation
GEOMETRIC
TRANSFORMATIONS
Dilation Reflection
TRANSFORMATION
- Refers to the movement of objects
in the coordinate plane.
- It involves preimage and
transforming it in some way to
produce an image.
Rigid Non-rigid
Transformation Transformation
Rigid Transformation
- Does not change the shape or size
of the preimage
Non-Rigid
Transformation
- Will change the size but not the
shape of the preimage
Categories of Transformation
- Refers to the movement of objects in
the coordinate plane.
- It involves preimage and transforming
it in some way to produce an image.
Categories of Transformation
Translation
Translation is a transformation of
an object where every point of it
moves a fixed distance and a given
direction.
Categories of Transformation
Rotation
Rotation is a transformation of an
object by rotating about a given
through a given angle.
Categories of Transformation
Refl ection
Reflection is a transformation of an
object where every point of it and its
image are of the same distance from the
line of the symmetry.
Glide Reflection is a composition of
translation and reflection in a line
parallel to the direction of translation.
Categories of Transformation
Dilation
Dilation is a transformation of an
object by resizing to either reduce it
or enlarge it about a point with a
given factor. The value of factor (r)
determines whether the dilation is
enlargement or reduction.
Patterns and
Diagrams
Symmetry
- Is when a figure undergoes an
isometry and the resulting image
coincides with the origical.
Symmetry
Reflection
Symmetry Rotational
Symmetry
Point
Symmetry
Reflection Symmetry
Figures are mirror images when
folded over a line of symmetry
Rotational Symmetry
Figures is rotated around a central
point
Point Symmetry
Figure has matching parts of the same
distance from a central point but in the
opposite direction.
Rosette Patterns
A rosette pattern is a pattern that
has either of the following types of
symmetry:
Cyclic Symmetry: Dihedral Symmetry:
Rotation Symmetry Rotation symmetry
around a center point, around a center point
but no mirror lines with mirror lines
through the center
point.
Rosette Patterns
Cyclic Symmetry: Dihedral Symmetry:
Rotation Symmetry Rotation symmetry around a
around a center point, center point with mirror lines
but no mirror lines through the center point.
Rosette Patterns
Frieze Pattern
An infinite strip with a repeating pattern is called
a frieze pattern, or sometimes a border pattern
or an infinite strip pattern. The term “frieze” is
from architecture, where a frieze refers to a
decorative carving or pattern that runs
horizontally just below a roofline or ceiling.
Frieze Pattern
Frieze Pattern
Frieze Pattern
Tesselation
Tessellation
A tessellation is defined as a pattern
of shapes that covers a plane
without
any gaps or overlaps.
Regular Tessellation
Highly symmetrical made up of
congruent regular polygons
- Equilateral Triangles
- Squares
- Hexagons
Semi-regular Tessellation
-uses more than one regular
polygon and has the same polygon
arrangements at each vertex
Demiregular Tessellation
Uses more than one regular polygon
and has two or three different
polygon arrangements
Design, Arts and
Culture
Geometric Design
Geometric designs are construction
and representation of free-form
curves, surfaces, or volumes.
- construction, manipulation of
curves and surfaces given by a set of
points
Geometric Art
It is designed with circles, squares
and rectangles.
Geometric Design in
Culture
- Use of geometric designs to
represent cultures.
Geometric Design in
Culture
- Igorots – northern part of the
country
- Lumads – southern part of the
country
Geometric Design in Culture
Igorots – northern Lumads –
part of the southern part of
country the country
Geometric Design in Culture
Lumads – southern part of the country
- e Lumad is a term being used to denote a
group of indigenous people in the southern
Philippines.
It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or
"indigenous".
Geometric Design in Culture
Bagobos – tribe in
Davao is more
recognized by
their colorful
clothing
Geometric Design in Culture
B’laan – tribal community of
Southern Mindanao
- Opponent People
- Colorful native costumes woven
from abaca and decorated with
embroidery, buttons, beads and
heavy brass belts with numerous
tiny bells are worn by the women of
the Bilaan, making their approach
heard, even from a far distance.
Geometric Design in Culture
Badjao - "Sea
Nomads"