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Understanding Booting and Multiprogramming

The document discusses multiprogramming, which allows a processor to switch between jobs when one is waiting for I/O. It outlines the booting process, detailing how the bootloader initiates the operating system and the role of the kernel in managing system resources. Additionally, it explains the Power-On Self Test (POST) and the activation of the BIOS during boot-up.

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atharvkondhare31
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14 views10 pages

Understanding Booting and Multiprogramming

The document discusses multiprogramming, which allows a processor to switch between jobs when one is waiting for I/O. It outlines the booting process, detailing how the bootloader initiates the operating system and the role of the kernel in managing system resources. Additionally, it explains the Power-On Self Test (POST) and the activation of the BIOS during boot-up.

Uploaded by

atharvkondhare31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit 1

Multiprogramming

• When one job needs to wait for I/O, the


processor can switch to the other job

Department of IT, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering


2
Multiprogramming

Department of IT, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering


3
Multi-user/time Sharing Systems

Department of IT, Sinhgad


5 Academy of Engineering
Booting Process
• Booting a computer refers to the process of powering on
the computer and starting the operating system.
• The operating system is the program that makes all your
software applications and hardware work together, so you
can do the work you want to do.
• Once you hit the power button, it's all automatic from there.
The boot process loads the operating system into main
memory or the random access memory (RAM) installed on
your computer.
Booting Process
1. When you push the power button, power is sent to a small
bootloader program, which loads the computer's operating
system.
2. The bootloader is located in the cache memory. The cache
memory is a portion of your RAM that is directly attached
to the central processing unit (CPU), which is the brains of
your computer.
3. Once the bootloader program gets power, it starts the
process of activating the operating system. If you were to
see this happening, it would show a black screen with the
text of the boot up processes.
Kernel
• The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a
computer's operating system, with complete control over
everything in the system.
• On most systems, it is one of the first programs loaded on
start-up (after the bootloader).
• It handles the rest of start-up as well as input/output
requests from software, translating them into data-processing
instructions for the central processing unit.
• It handles memory and peripherals like keyboards, monitors,
printers, and speakers.
Booting Process
4. During the boot process, the first thing that happens is the
POST or Power on Self Test.
5. When the POST is running, you will typically see lights
flashing and hear a series of beeps. Basically the computer
is performing a test to make sure all the attached hardware
is communicating clearly with the CPU.
6. Once the POST is complete, the BIOS, or Basic Input/Output
System, is activated.
7. The BIOS is actually stored in read only memory (ROM). So,
the bootloader program opens or wakes up the BIOS, which
then finds the complete loading instructions on a bootable
device, typically the hard disk.

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