80 HOUR INDUCTION PROGRAMME
CHRIS HANI BARAGWANATH ACADEMIC
HOSPITAL
HIV AND AIDS
15 October 2025
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Vertical Transmission Prevention Programme.
• HIV and Pregnancy
• HIV and breast feeding.
• Monitoring during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding
• ART initiation during pregnancy, delivery and postnatal
Iintroduction to HIV
Learning
• Vision, Mission & Values of GDoHObjective
At the end of this topic session colleagues should be able to:
Define HIV and AIDS
Differentiate between HIV and AIDS
Explain how HIV can be transmitted
Discuss the origins of HIV
Describe the HIV Prevention Strategy in South Africa
Discuss stigma and discrimination
Current prevalence in SA
What is HIV
H - human
I - immunodeficiency
V - virus
It is the virus that causes AIDS.
Enters the human being and has the effect of causing the immune system to become deficient/weak.
May be passed from one person to another when:
o infected blood,
o semen,
o vaginal secretions
come in contact with an uninfected person’s broken skin or mucous membranes (mouth, eyes, nose, vagina,
rectum, and opening of the penis.).
What is AIDS?
A - Acquired (come into the body)
I - Immuno
D - deficiency
S - Syndrome (affecting the whole body – signs and symptoms of illness in different areas of
the body)
An HIV-infected person receives a diagnosis of AIDS after developing one of the WHO-defined AIDS indicator
illnesses, stage 4 illnesses.
A positive HIV test result does not mean that a person has AIDS.
A diagnosis of AIDS is made by an appropriately trained health care professional using the above information.
Origins of HIV
Scientists have been trying to see where HIV came from and how it appeared in the human
population.
Most believed that HIV originated in other primates.
In 1999, an international team of researchers reported that they had discovered the origins of HIV-1.
A subspecies of chimpanzees found in west equatorial Africa had been identified as the original
source of the virus.
The researchers believe that HIV-1 was introduced into the human population when hunters became
exposed to infected blood.
Some people think that there are other possible origins of HIV.
Origins of HIV [Cont.]
It is now known that HIV-1 originated from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that infects
chimpanzees;
HIV-2(which is prevalent in West Africa, Europe and India) originates from a SIV that infects sooty
mangabey monkeys.
HIV therefore originated from zoonoses, that is, infections transmitted from animals to humans
(Durban Declaration, 2000).
Technology and the basic knowledge that would have been necessary to create such a virus had not
been developed in 1975, when the epidemic began to grow.
Figure: % of Stigma Index Respondents who Report External Stigma, By Province [2016]
Stigma and Discrimination
Stigma Discrimination
Stigma is based on beliefs. Discrimination occurs when actions are taken
A person is “stigmatised” when another (or not taken) on the basis of a stigmatising
belief.
person thinks negatively of them because of
something they have experienced or because
they belong to a particular group.
Stigma is about beliefs and attitudes.
Discrimination relates to actions.
Both are based on negative views of people simply because they are seen as belonging to a
particular group. HIV/AID’s is commonly associated with stigma and discrimination. This may
be because of HIV’s association with death, sex and drug use.
National Strategic Plan 2023 – 2028 [5 th NSP for HIV/ STI&TB]
• There are four broad goals of this NSP
National Strategic Plan 2023 – 2028 [5 th NSP for HIV/ STI&TB]
• CHBAH is a level 3 Hospital and Goal 2 & 3 are applicable to us:
Goal 2 Goal 3
Increase knowledge, attitude and behaviour that promotes HIV Engage adequate human resources to ensure equitable access to
prevention. services for HIV; STI; TB.
Reduce new HIV infections by optimising the implementation of high Use timely and relevant strategic information for Data driven decision
impact prevention interventions making.
Eliminate Vertical Transmission Expand the research agenda for HIV, TB and STI
Ensure 95-95-95 is achieved Harness technology and innovation to fight the pandemic with the
latest available tools.
Improve the quality of life beyond HIV suppression by reducing HIV Leverage the infrastructure of HIV, TB and STI for broader
related deaths and comorbidities, coinfections and complications preparedness.
Strengthen TB prevention interventions for key and other priority Build stronger public health supply chain management for effective
population. Improve IPC practices programme management
Strengthen TB diagnosis and support for PWTB. Strengthen access to comprehensive laboratory testing
Increase detection and treatment of curable STI’s and achieving Support the acceleration of the approval on new health products.
elimination of targets for neonatal syphilis.
Current Situation in South Africa as at 2022
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