Introduction to
Concepts in Data
Science with Python
Variable
Variables
• Variables are containers for storing data values.
• Creating Variables
• Python has no command for declaring a variable.
• A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
• x = 5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)
• Ans
•5
John
Variable contd
• Variables do not need to be declared with any
particular type, and can even change type after they
have been set.
•x = 4 # x is of type int
x = "Sally" # x is now of type str
print(x)
• Ans
• Sally
Casting
• Casting (also called type conversion) is the process of changing
the data type of a value or variable.
• If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be
done with casting.
• x = str(3) # x will be '3'
y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Ans
3
3
3.0
Get the Type
• You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function
• Example
•x = 5
y = "John"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
• Ans
Variable Names
Single or Double Quotes?
• String variables can be declared either by using single
or double quotes:
• Example
• x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'
• Ans
Case-Sensitive
• Variable names are case-sensitive.
Note
a = 4
A = "Sally"
#A will not overwrite a
Example
a = 4
A = "Sally"
print(a)
print(A)
Ans
Variable Names
• A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more
descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). Rules for
Python variables:A variable name must start with a letter
or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are
three different variables)
• A variable name cannot be any of the following listed
keyword from the code.
import keyword
print([Link])
Variable Names (Contd)
• Example
• Legal variable names:
myvar = "John"
my_var = "John"
_my_var = "John"
myVar = "John"
MYVAR = "John"
myvar2 = "John“
• Illegal variable Names:
2myvar = "John"
my-var = "John"
my var = "John"
Assign Multiple Values
Multi Words Variable Names
Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to
read.
There are several techniques you can use to make them
more readable:
• Camel Case
Each word, except the first, starts with a capital letter:
myVariableName = "John“
• Pascal Case
Each word starts with a capital letter:
• MyVariableName = "John“
• Snake Case
Each word is separated by an underscore character:
my_variable_name = "John"
Many Values to Multiple
Variables
• Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables
in one line
• Example
• x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
• Ans
• Note: Make sure the number of variables matches the
number of values, or else you will get an error.
One Value to Multiple Variables
• And you can assign the same value to multiple variables
in one line:
• Example
• x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
• Ans
Output Variables
Output Variables
• The Python print() function is often used to output variables.
Example
x = "Python is awesome"
print(x)
Ans
• In the print() function, you output multiple variables,
separated by a comma:
Example
x = "Python"
y = "is"
z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)
Ans
Output Variables (contd)
• You can also use the + operator to output multiple
variables
• Example
x = "Python "
y = "is "
z = "awesome"
print(x + y + z)
Ans
Notice the space character after "Python " and "is ",
without them the result would be "Pythonisawesome".
Output Variables (contd)
• For numbers, the + character works as a mathematical
operator:
• Example
x = 5 Ans
y = 10
print(x + y)
In the print() function, when you try to combine a string and
a number with the + operator, Python will give you an error:
Example
x = 5 Ans
y = "John"
print(x + y)
Output Variables (contd)
• The best way to output multiple variables in the
print() function is to separate them with commas,
which even support different data types
• Example
x = 5
y = "John"
print(x, y)
Ans
Thank You