GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(UGC AUTONOMOUS)
CHEERYAL(V),KEESARA(M),MEDCHAL DIST,HYDERABAD-501301
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
[Link] [Link] Kumar
Associate Professor Dean,SE&CE
[Link]
22R11A04J7
ABSTRA
CT
• Embedded systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform dedicated functions or
tasks within larger systems, often with real-time constraints. These systems integrate hardware and
software to manage a wide array of applications, ranging from consumer electronics and automotive
control to industrial automation and medical devices. Central to their functionality is the use of
microcontrollers or microprocessors, such as the PIC 16 and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers, which
enable the execution of tailored code, typically written in languages like C or Embedded C.
Embedded systems are characterized by their limited resources, such as memory and processing
power, necessitating efficient design and optimization. Advances in connectivity technologies, such
as Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) and IoT integration, have further expanded their capabilities,
allowing for the creation of sensor nodes, real-time monitoring, and remote control in smart devices.
As these systems continue to evolve, they play a pivotal role in the growing field of the Internet of
Things (IoT) and smart technologies.
8-BIT MICROCONTROLLERS : ARCHITECTURE OF THE PIC16
• The PIC16 microcontroller is an 8-bit device from
Microchip that's popular for small electronic projects.
It uses a special design (Harvard architecture) that
allows it to handle data and instructions at the same
time, making it efficient. It is based on a simple
instruction set (RISC), has many input/output options,
built-in features, and is easy to use for things like
embedded systems and Internet of Things (IoT)
projects.
INTRODUCTION TO MPLAB X IDE MPLAB
• X IDE is an open-source development tool used
for programming and debugging Microchip PIC
microcontrollers. It supports languages like C, C+
+, and assembly. The tool works well with
compilers like MPLAB XC8. It also includes
features like project management, debugging, and
simulation tools. These features help make the
development process for embedded systems easier
and faster.
PIC16 MCUS USING MCC AND STATE MACHINE
• The MPLAB Code Configurator (MCC) makes it
easier to set up PIC16 microcontroller peripherals.
Developers can visually configure settings for
peripherals, libraries, and application code. Using a
state machine helps manage tasks efficiently. This
allows the microcontroller to handle tasks one at a
time or at the same time, based on the system's
needs. It improves the reliability and performance
of the system.
STRUCTURE AND SYNTAX OF C
• C is a structured, procedural programming
language essential for embedded systems. Its
syntax revolves around functions, control
statements like if, else, for, while, and switch,
along with the use of variables and data types.
Its structured approach allows for better
memory management, critical in resource-
constrained environments like embedded
systems.
ADVANCED C PROGRAMMING
• Programming involves concepts like dynamic
memory allocation (malloc and free), pointers,
bitwise operations, file I/O, and modular
programming. These concepts are vital in
embedded systems for memory- efficient
operations, performance optimization, and
interfacing with hardware components.
PROGRAMMING CALLBACKS
• Callbacks in C are functions passed as
arguments to other functions and executed
at a later point in the program. In embedded
systems, they are particularly useful for
handling asynchronous events, such as
interrupts or timed events, allowing for
modular, flexible, and responsive code.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FIRST IOT PROJECT
• When designing an IoT project, consider
hardware selection based on power
consumption, communication protocols (like
Wi-Fi, BLE), and sensor accuracy. The software
design should include scalability, security (for
data transmission), and cloud integration
capabilities. Testing and debugging tools are
crucial to ensure robust, real-time operation.
CONCLUSION
• Embedded systems are specialized for performing
dedicated functions with high efficiency. They
combine hardware components like
microcontrollers with software to achieve real-time
operations. Power optimization and small size are
essential, especially for portable devices. These
systems are applied in areas such as automotive,
healthcare, and the Internet of Things. Staying
updated with new technologies is key to advancing
in embedded system development.