REVIEW DATE : 25-11-2025

Automated Trash Collection Bot

1
 Introduction
● Madurai ranked last (40th of 40, million-plus
population) in Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 survey,
labelled as India’s dirtiest big city.
● Recent Survey highlights major failure in public waste
management systems.
● Existing method : Manual trash collection is inefficient,
risky, and its not scalable or robust for crowded, large
urban areas like Madurai
● Need for autonomous, efficient solutions that reduce
human involvement and risk.

2
Problem Statement:
• Madurai faces severe waste challenges with low segregation (26%), poor collection
efficiency (37%), and 850–900 tonnes/day of unmanaged waste, making it one of
India’s dirtiest cities (Swachh Survekshan 2025).
• Crowd-heavy areas generate up to 40% of urban trash, with 50–70% from
single-use disposables, overwhelming manual/static cleaning systems.
• Existing systems waste over 30%and of time scanning clean areas and have just
64% efficiency in detection at night, while high-footfall venues experience 2–4×
waste surges during peak hours/events.
• Poor waste handling increases health risks, as effective management is essential for
disease prevention and air-quality improvement, especially with waste causing
19% of India’s methane emissions.
• Current autonomous robots cover only 20–40% in crowded zones.
3
 Literature review:
Title Authors Scope of Work Year Journal/Source
Design of an Autonomous Trash- Vazhapilli Sureshbabu, N. M. Development of an autonomous trash-picking robot 2024 Proceedings of the Design Society /
Picking Service Robot Focussed on Martins Pacheco, L. I. Duran Noy, emphasizing human-robot interaction using the double Int'l Design Conference
Human-Robot Interaction M. Zimmermann diamond framework. Focus on usability, expressivity,
and user acceptance, with successful MVP prototyping
and testing.

Deep Learning Based Robot for Jinqiang Bai, Shiguo Lian, Presents an autonomous robot capable of detecting and 2024 IEEE Trans. on Consumer
Automatically Picking Up Garbage Zhaoxiang Liu, Kai Wang, Dijun picking up garbage on grass using deep neural Electronics
on the Grass Liu networks for recognition and navigation. Achieves high
accuracy (up to 95%) and practical cleaning efficiency.

Shuchi 1.0: Robotic System For Mohammadibrahim Korti et al. Develops a semi-automatic robot for waste collection, 2023 International Research Journal on
Automatic Segregation of Waste & segregation (wet/dry), and floor cleaning, with Advanced Science Hub
Floor Cleaning manual/auto operating modes and wireless monitoring
for home and institutional use.

Design and Development of an N. Sankar, M. Kumaravel, S. Describes a cost-effective robot to collect plastic and 2022 International Journal of Engineering
Affordable Ocean Waste Collecting Thirunavukkarasu, M. Palanikumar oil waste from oceans using a conveyor belt, separation Research & Technology
Robot mechanisms, and remote/mobile control for
environmental cleanup.

Autonomous Trash Collector Robot Analene M. Nagayo, Bindu P. Implements an autonomous trash collector (VEX 2018 BIUST Research and Innovation
with Wireless Charging System in a Vikraman, Mazna S.H. Al Saidi, Clawbot) with wireless charging, GSM/GPS Symposium Proceedings
Campus Environment Ammar S. Al Hosni, Ali K. Al monitoring, and Arduino-based control for campus
Kharusi, Rodrigo S. Jamisola Jr. waste collection and status reporting.

4
Literature review
Title Authors Scope of Work Year Journal/Source
Cost-Effective Autonomous A. Sengupta, V. Varma, M. Sai Proposes a modular IoT-based robot network for 2018 International Journal of
Garbage Collecting Robot System Kiran, A. Johari, Marimuthu R autonomous garbage collection, combining low-cost Innovative Technology and
Using IoT And Sensor Fusion sensors and cameras for waste detection, targeting Exploring Engineering
scalable and robust smart city applications.

Autonomous Smart Waste Shujaatullah Khan, Srinivasan Smart dustbin system using IoT for automated trash 2018 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Power,
Collection System Using Internet Venkat, Kayalvizhi Jayavel collection, notification when full, and optimized Control, Signals and Instr. Engg.
of Things collection routes using sensors and wireless (ICPCSI)
communication.

Wireless Communication Based Prof. Ayub Mulani, Karishma Designs and implements a modular, cost-effective 2017 Journal of Emerging Technologies
Garbage Collection Robot on the Pirjade, Harshada Walhe, beach trash-collecting robot, applying IoT for and Innovative Research (JETIR)
Beach Swapnali Kanade networked operation and real-time monitoring.
Focuses on coverage, efficiency, and safety in
hazardous locations.

Autonomous Robot for Garbage Md. Noushanul Islam Bhuiyan, Develops an indoor robot using Raspberry Pi and 2017 Undergraduate Project Report,
Detection and Collection Nazfia Islam, Mahmudul Hasan computer vision to autonomously detect, localize, East West University
Shohag and collect trash via image processing and robot
arm mechanism.

Robotic System for Automatic Mohammadibrahim Korti, (Alternate title and team for Shuchi 1.0) Describes a 2017 IRJASH
Segregation of Waste & Floor Basavaraj S. Malapur, Smita robot for waste collection, segregation, and cleaning
Cleaning Gour, Rajesh M. Biradar with IoT/wireless control, targeting affordability
and domestic/office environments.

5
Research Gap:
Limited Integration of Spatial Hotspot Analysis with Garbage Detection
• Current YOLO-based garbage detection systems (YOLOv5, YOLOv8) focus on
real-time object classification but lack spatial clustering analysis
Absence of Priority-Based Collection Strategy
• Autonomous garbage bots (LitterBot, TrashBot) operate reactively or follow fixed
paths
Scalability in Real-World Deployment
• Robot success rates ~80% in controlled settings; performance degrades in large,
heterogeneous environments

6
 Objectives
• Develop an autonomous trash collection robot that increases urban waste collection coverage by ≥25% compared to
manual methods, validated through real-world pilot deployments.
• Achieve high detection and collection accuracy, including
≥90% plastic litter removal,
≥85% general-trash removal,
≥95% trash bag collection at designated points.
• Maintain ≥85% overall coverage efficiency even during peak crowds, with a waste pickup response time under 15
minutes to prevent overflow.
• Ensure robust and accurate operation, targeting >90% detection/classification accuracy across day/night, mixed
materials, and dense waste conditions, with ≥95% system uptime in challenging environments (rain, low light, obstacles).
• Enable cost-effective deployment, optimizing operational cost to ₹8–10 lakhs/year per robot, achieving a 4–7 year
payback period relative to manual collection systems.
• Support surge and festival demands, maintaining ≥90% collection efficiency and <20-minute response during heavy
waste generation events, backed by predictive hotspot-based planning

7
Existing Model:

8
Analysis:
• Detection & Monitoring Accuracy (60–75%): Misreadings can range between
10–25%, especially in outdoor or noisy environments.
• Communication Reliability (70–85%): Transmission delays of 3–12 seconds
occur frequently in dense urban areas.
• Motor & Mechanical Output Efficiency (50–65%): Efficiency drops by 15–
30% under load because of fixed-speed motor operation.
• System Integration & Response Speed (65–80%): End-to-end alert/response
time ranges between 10–25 seconds, depending on GSM latency and cloud
connectivity.

9
Proposed 3D Design:

10
Components Selection:
• Raspberry Pi 4 (4GB/8GB RAM)
• Camera Module: Raspberry Pi Camera Module v2, 8MP, 1080p video
• DC Motors: 12V, 30–100 RPM
• Servo Motor: MG996R, 10kg/cm torque, 4.8–7.2V
• Motor Driver: L298N, Dual H-Bridge, 2A/channel
• Power Supply: 12V Li-ion battery pack, 6800mAh+
• GPS Module: Neo 6M, UART, 2.5m CEP accuracy
• Magnetometer: HMC5883l, 3-axis, I2C interface
• Ultrasonic Sensor: HC-SR04, 2cm–400cm range
• Software: YOLOv4-Tiny/Yolov8 (AI), Python (PySAL for Getis-Ord Gi*)
11
Expected Outcomes :
• Automated waste collection reduces transportation distances and
operational time by up to 30%, saving costs and energy.
• It lowers carbon emissions and air pollution by decreasing waste
truck traffic and enabling faster waste removal.
• Automation improves urban cleanliness, lowering disease risks
associated with waste accumulation.
• It enhances recycling efforts, reducing landfill usage by over 25%
and supporting sustainability

12
 References
• Sharma, R., & Patel, M. (2023). Waste Collection Efficiency. Waste Management Research, 41(2), 156–
171.
• Biswas, S., & Sahu, S. (2023). Urban Waste Planning in Indian Context. Journal of Cleaner Production,
272, 122589.
• Nanda, S., & Berruti, F. (2020). Municipal Solid Waste Management Technologies. Environmental
Chemistry Letters, 18, 393–415.
• World Health Organization. (2020). Health Impact of Urban Waste. WHO Report.
• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). (2023). Urban Waste Management Annual Review.
• Kulshreshtha, P., Singh, R., & Verma, M. (2021). Autonomous Waste Robots. International Journal of
Robotics & Automation, 36(4), 412–429.
• Kraft, D., Møller, N. M., & Jensen, B. (2018). Robotic Street Sweeping. Journal of Field Robotics, 35(8),
1224–1245.
• Roy, D., et al. (2022). Litter Surveillance and Event-Driven Operations. IEEE Access, 10, 73417–73429.
• Zhang, D., et al. (2019). Smart Bin: IoT Waste Monitoring. IEEE Access, 7, 44837–44846.
• Vij, D., et al. (2021). IoT Smart Waste Management in India. ICT Express, 7(2), 266–271
• Fouda, M., et al. (2017). Smart Waste Management Protocols. IEEE Sensors Journal, 17(23), 7659–7671.
(Still highly relevant for architecture & communication models)
• Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs. (2025). Urban Cleanliness Benchmarks. Govt. of India Report.
13
Thank You