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Embryonic Development: Weeks 3-4 Overview

The seminar presentation covers embryonic development during the 3rd and 4th weeks, highlighting key processes such as gastrulation, neurulation, mesoderm differentiation, and early cardiovascular development. By the end of the 4th week, significant structures like limb buds and pharyngeal arches form, and the heartbeat begins. The presentation emphasizes the importance of neural crest cells in craniofacial development and the formation of the face and oral cavity.

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15 views17 pages

Embryonic Development: Weeks 3-4 Overview

The seminar presentation covers embryonic development during the 3rd and 4th weeks, highlighting key processes such as gastrulation, neurulation, mesoderm differentiation, and early cardiovascular development. By the end of the 4th week, significant structures like limb buds and pharyngeal arches form, and the heartbeat begins. The presentation emphasizes the importance of neural crest cells in craniofacial development and the formation of the face and oral cavity.

Uploaded by

rakshindafatima561
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON TOPIC

Embryonic Development – 3rd & 4th


Week

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY BY: RAQSHANDA FATIMA


AL BADAR DENTAL COLLEGE ROLL NO 57
KALABURGI
Introduction
The 3rd and 4th weeks are crucial for organogenesis.

Major changes are:

• Gastrulation (formation of three germ layers)


• Neurulation (formation of the neural tube)
• Mesoderm differentiation
• Early cardiovascular development
• Embryo folding
Third Week – Gastrulation

Definition: Process of formation of ectoderm, mesoderm,


and endoderm from the epiblast.
Key Events:
• Appearance of primitive streak.
• Migration of epiblast cells → Formation of three germ
layers.
• Notochord formation (important for neural induction)

Gastrulation process
Third Week – Neurulation
Definition: Formation of the neural
tube from the neural plate.
Steps:
• Neural plate formation (Day 18-19)
• Neural folds elevate and fuse (Day
20-21).
• Neural tube closes → Forms the
brain and spinal cord
• Neural crest cells migrate →
Develop into PNS, melanocytes, etc

Neurulation stages
Third Week – Mesoderm Differentiation
• Paraxial mesoderm → Forms somites (vertebrae,
muscles, dermis).
• Intermediate mesoderm → Forms kidneys and
gonads.
• Lateral plate mesoderm → Splits into:
Somatic layer (body wall, limbs)
Splanchnic layer (gut, heart)
Third Week
Early Cardiovascular Development

• Angiogenesis begins with


blood island formation.

• Heart tube forms and starts


beating by day 22-23.
• The heart undergoes folding
and looping
Embryo folding

Fourth Week – Folding of Embryo


• Head, tail, and lateral folding occur.
• Converts the flat disc into a
cylindrical shape.
• Yolk sac is partially enclosed,
forming:
• Foregut (forms pharynx, esophagus,
stomach).
• Midgut (small intestine, part of large
intestine).
• Hindgut (colon, rectum).
Fourth Week – Continued Neurulation

• Cranial neuropore closes (Day 25)


• Caudal neuropore closes (Day 27)
• Defects in closure → Anencephaly, spina bifida
Fourth Week – “Pharyngeal
Arches (Craniofacial Focus)”
• First and second
pharyngeal arches
develop. Meckel’s
cartilage (1st arch) and
Reichert’s cartilage (2nd
arch)
• Contribute to face, jaw,
and parts of the ear
• Neural crest cells play a
role.
Fourth Week – Limb Bud Formation

• Upper limb buds appear (Day 26)


• Lower limb buds appear (Day 28)
• Develop from somatic mesoderm and ectoderm
Limb bud formation
Formation of the Face and Oral Cavity

Key Points:
• Stomodeum (primitive mouth) forms at the end of the
4th week.
• Fusion of facial prominences (frontonasal, maxillary,
mandibular).
• Palatal development begins in later
Early facial development (week 4)
Neural Crest Cells and Craniofacial
Development

Key Points:
• Neural crest cells migrate from the neural tube to form:
Facial bones (maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, nasal,
temporal, etc.)
• Odontoblasts (form dentin)
• Parts of the skull and cartilage
Summary
• 3rd week: Gastrulation, neurulation; mesoderm
differentiation, early heart development
• 4th week: Embryo folding, pharyngeal arches,
limb buds, continued neurulation
• Heartbeat starts by day 22-23
THANK YOU

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