TORQUE
EQUATION OF
A DC MOTOR
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
• rotor conductors carry the current
• each conductor experiences force, which
produces torque
• rotor starts rotating
• in generator, torque is equal and oppsoite to
the prime mover
• in motor, torque is transferred to the shaft of
the rotor and drives the mechanical load
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Electromagnetic torque
-the torque produced due to electromagnetic
effect
-torque poduced in the armature
What is electromagnetic effect?
When current carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field, force is produced that exerts
turning moment (torque)
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Shaft torque
-the torque used for doing useful work.
Some is lost due to mechanical losses.
V= Eb + IaRa
VIa= EbIa + Ia2Ra
electical power input= mechanical power developed + copper loss in the
armature
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Mechanical power developed by armature,
Pm
Pm= FbIa
= 2πnT
where
n - speed in rps, or frequency
T - torque in Newton-meter
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Shaft
• Torque
Torque produced in the armature is directly
proportional to the flux per pole and the armature
current.
• Direction of torque developed depends upon the
current in armature conductors.
• If either two has reversed direction, the direction
of torque produced is reversed; reverses the
rotation
• When both is reversed, direction of torque does
not [Link] by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Shaft
Torque
Electromagnetic torque (T)
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
• Torque developed in the armature is not
the same as shaft torque
• A part of it lost to overcome iron and
mechanical( friction and windage) losses
• Shaft torque(Tsh)- the actual torque
available at the shaft for doing useful
mechanical work
- It is available on the shaft of the motor
Output=Tsh x 2πN
where
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
Tsh shaft torque in rps
N rotation in rpm
Brake Horse Power (BHP)
• the mechanical power available at the shaft
TYPES OF DC
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
MOTOR
according to connection of field winding with the armature
• Separately excited DC motor
• Self-excited DC motor
Shunt wound
Series wound
Compound wound
SEPARATELY EXCITED
• the field coils orMOTOR
field windings are energized by
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
a separate DC source
SELF EXCITED MOTOR
• the current in the windings is supplied by the
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
machine or motor itself
CHARACTERISTISCS OF DC
MOTORS
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
• Torque vs. armature current
o
• Speed vs armature current
• speed vs torque
DC SERIES MOTORS
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
DC SHUNT MOTORS
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
DC COMPOUND MOTORS
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
SPEED CONTROL OF DC
MOTOR
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
speed regulation is different from speed control.
speed regulation- speed changes naturally
speed control- speed changes manually or automatically
Speed is dependent upon supply voltage, armature
circuit resistance and field flux.
To control the speed of DC motor, we vary these three.
3 GENERAL METHODS OF SPEED CONTROL
OF DC MOTOR
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
• Armature Resistance or Rheostatic
control variation of resistance-
variation of resistance in the armature
circuit
• Field Flux Control- variation in field
flux
• Armature Voltage Control- variation
in applied voltage
ARMATURE RESISTANCE OR RHEOSTATIC
CONTROL
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
DISADVANTAGES OF ARMATURE
RESISTANCE OR RHEOSTATIC CONTROL
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
METHOD
DISADVANTAGES OF ARMATURE
RESISTANCE OR RHEOSTATIC CONTROL
Prepared by: Engr. T.G.A-Retubis, MEng
METHOD