Clauses
PRESENTED BY:
JESIELYN TORRETEJO
APRIL SHAMEL MOMBAY
JOSIE MAE SEDANTES
ROLEN JUN EUPALAO
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students must
have:
1. Understand what is a clause
2. Identify the two types of clauses
3. Identify the three types of DEPENDENT CLAUSE
4. Identify and distinguish independent and
dependent clauses in a sentence
What is clauses?
•A clause is a part of a sentence.
•A clause is a group of words that has subject
and predicate. Every complete sentence is
made up of at least one or more clause(s).
Following are clause examples:
•John bought a new car. (One sentence, one
clause) •John bought a new car, but he is
using his old car. (One sentence, two clauses)
Types of
clauses
• Every clause has at least a subject and a verb.
Clauses have some characteristics that help to
distinguish one type of clause from another.
Clauses are of following types:
Independent Clauses (Main Clause)
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clause)
Independent Clauses (Main
• Clause)
An independent (or main clause) is a complete
sentence. It contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought in context and
meaning. It expresses a complete thought.
• Independent clause structure: Subject + Verb =
Complete Thought. For example: She walked. (This
sentence contains only two words but it is still
complete because it has subject and predicate)
Independent Clauses (Main
• Main clauses can be joined by a coordinating
Clause)
conjunction to form complex or compound
sentences.
• COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but, for, nor, or,
yet
• For example: He bought new car but he is still
using old one. "but" is used to combine two
independent clauses.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clauses)
• A dependent clause (or subordinate clause) is
part of a sentence; it contains a subject and
verb but does not convey complete sense. They
can make sense on their own, but, they are
dependent on the rest of the sentence for
context and meaning. A dependent clause is
joined to an independent clause to form a
complex sentence. It often starts with a
subordinating conjunction.
Dependent Clauses (Subordinate Clauses)
Dependent clause structure: Subordinate Conjunction + Subject +
Verb = Incomplete Thought.
Examples: Whenever I go to superstore, I buy chips. .
Dependent Clauses: Types
Dependent clauses can be divided in other
type of clauses such as:
Adverb Clause
Noun Clause
Relative
Clause
Adverb Clauses
A clause that functions as an adverb. They tell
why, where, when or what happens in a
sentence.
They are frequently movable within the sentence
Example: When the timer rings, we know the
cake is done. OR We know the cake is done when
the timer rings.
Adverb Clauses
Noun Clauses
It is a dependent clause that works as noun. Noun clauses can act
as subject, direct or indirect objects or predicate nominatives. Some
examples are as under:-
• Tell me who left his book on the table. (direct object)
• I shall tell whoever will listen my interesting story. (indirect
object)
• Whoever is the last one to leave turns off the lights. (subject)
• The boy with the curled hair is who I want on my team.
(predicate nominative)
Noun clauses often begin with pronouns or other words. That
particular word usually has a grammatical function in the sentence
Noun Clauses
Relative pronouns: that, what, who, which, whom,
whose
• Indefinite relative pronouns: whoever,
whomever, whatever, whichever, whether, if
• Interrogative adjective: what
• Interrogative adverb: how
• Interrogative pronoun: who
• Subordinating conjunctions: whenever, how,
when, if, where, whether, why
Noun Clauses
Relative Clauses (Adjective
Clauses)
• A relative clause starts with the relative pronoun at the start
of the clause like who, which, whose etc. To make distinction
between an antecedent that is a human "who(m)" and an
antecedent which is a non-human "which". Following will
make it clear further.
• Who(m) is used when the antecedent is a person.
That is used to refer to either a person or thing.
Which is used to refer to anything except a person.
(It is noteworthy that whom is not used much in
spoken English.)
Relative Clauses (Adjective
Clauses)
• Relative Clauses Examples:
• I met my friends yesterday. The friend, who
had curly hair, was very intelligent.
• The race was the one that I lost
Relative Clauses (Adjective
Clauses)
RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
• Restrictive relative clauses are sometimes called
defining relative clauses, or identifying relative
clauses. Similarly, non-restrictive relative clauses are
called non-defining or non-identifying relative clauses
and is preceded by a pause in speech or a comma in
writing.
• Restrictive Clause Example: The programmer who
develops web applications will make a large profit.
• Non-Restrictive Clause Example: The programmer,
who develops web applications, will make a large
profit.
Relative Clauses (Adjective
Clauses)
RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES AND NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
Thank
You