CS3010 – Computer
Vision
DR. PARAS JAIN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Computer Vision
Interdisciplinary field – computers gain high level understanding of
digital images or videos
Automate the tasks what human visual system do.
Methods for image acquisition, processing, analysis are included
Extract high dimensional data from real world
Definition of Computer Vision
Human Vision Vs Computer Vision
Major Milestones
1959 – First digital image scanner
1963 – Larry Roberts – described process of deriving 3D information from 2D
photographs
1966 – Marvin minsky – connect camera to computer
1980 – Neocognitron was built
1991 – 1993 – Multiplex recording devices introduced with video surveillance for ATM
machines
2001 – first face detection framework was built
2009 – testing robot cars
2010 – Google released goggles
2010 – Facebook - Tag photos
2011 – confirm the identity of Osama Bill Laden
2012 – AlexNet – University of Tornoto
2012 – Googles brain neural network
2015 – Tensor Flow was launched
2017 – Apple iphone X
2018 – Alibabas AI model
2019 – Facial recognition app - Police officers search images through
mobile app
2020 – Intel Xe graphics card was launched
Computer Vision Vs Computer
Graphics Vs Digital Image Processing
Applications of Computer Vision
Applications of Computer Vision
OCR
Vision Biometrics
Smart Cars
Medical Imaging
HCI
Mobile Robot Control
Image Collections
Types of Digital Images
Digital Image Processing
Components of General Image
Processing System
Digital Image Processing
Processing of digital images by a digital computer
Need to process images?
Major applications that motivated
1) Improvement of pictorial information for human
perception
2) Image processing for autonomous machine application
3) Efficient storage and transmission
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Human Perception
Methods are employed that enhance pictorial information
for human interpretation and analysis.
Applications include:
• Noise filtering
• Content enhancement
• Remote sensing
• Area of medicine
• Terrain mapping
• Atmospheric studies
• Astronomical studies
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Noise filtering
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Content enhancement
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Content enhancement - deblurring
1
Remote sensing
2
Area of medicine
2
Terrain mapping Weather forecast
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Atmospheric studies - Ozone hole
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Machine Applications
ustry machine vision for product assembly and inspection
omated target detection and tracking
ger print recognition
chine processing of aerial and satellite imagery for weather prediction and
op assessment etc.
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Image
Image – Projection of 3D scene in 2D plane
A 2D function f( x , y ), x , y spatial coordinates and f at any pair of
coordinates ( x , y ) is called intensity or gray level of the image at
that point.
Depending on x , y and f values, images can be classified in to
• Analog image
• Digital image
Analog – f ( x , y ) has continuous range of values.
Digital – f ( x , y ) has finite , discrete quantities.
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The Purpose of converting Analog to digital image with help of digital computers is
to store and transmit efficiently.
Image contains finite number of elements.
Each element has a particular location and value.
These elements are called as picture elements or image elements or pels or pixels.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1) Fast processing High memory for good quality images and
2) Cost effective hence requires fast processing
3) Effective storage
4) Effective transmission
5) Versatile image manipulation
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Digital Image Processing
• Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital
form
• Perform some operations on the converted image in order to get
an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it.
• It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is an image
(video frame or photograph) and output may be image or
characteristics associated with that image.
• Usually Image Processing system includes treating images as two
dimensional signals and applying predefined methods on the
images.
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Low Level processes – involves primitive operations such
as image pre-processing
Both input and output are images.
Mid Level processes – involves tasks such as
segmentation , description and classification
Inputs are generally images but the outputs are attributes
that extracted from the images
High Level processes – involves ensemble of recognized
objects
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Purpose of Image processing
The purpose of image processing is divided into 5
groups.
They are :
• Visualization - Observe the objects that are not
visible.
• Image sharpening and restoration - To create a
better image.
• Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
• Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects
in an image.
•NovImage
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Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an 3
Components of Digital Image Processing
Two elements are required to acquire digital images.
1. Sensor
2. Digitizer
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