RAAJDHANI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Quantum Computing: Unlocking the Future of
Department- Computer Science & Engineering
Computation
Presented by-Dharjya Narayan Sahoo
Regd no-: 2421294040
Seminar Guide-: Guru Prasad Dash
What Is Quantum Computing?
Beyond Classical Limits The Power of Qubits A Fusion of Disciplines
Quantum computing leverages At its core, quantum computing This groundbreaking field is a
the intricate rules of quantum utilizes qubits—quantum bits— rich tapestry woven from diverse
mechanics to tackle complex which encode information in disciplines, integrating cutting-
problems that lie beyond the fundamentally new ways, edge physics, advanced
capabilities of even the most exploiting superposition and computer science, and complex
powerful classical entanglement for unparalleled mathematics to forge a new
supercomputers. processing power. frontier in computation.
Qubits: The Quantum Bit
• Unlike traditional classical bits, which can only exist in a
state of 0 or 1 at any given moment, qubits possess the
remarkable ability to exist in multiple states
simultaneously—a phenomenon known as superposition.
• This means a single qubit can be both 0 and 1, or any
combination thereof, until it is measured. Upon
measurement, the qubit "collapses" into a definite classical
state probabilistically.
Schrödinger’s
Cat in a Box
A thought experiment illustrating superposition: the cat is both
alive and dead until observed, much like a qubit is both 0 and 1
until measured.
How Quantum Computers Work
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Quantum Gates & Circuits Quantum Interference
Quantum computers utilize A key principle is quantum
quantum gates to manipulate interference, where probabilities of
qubits through quantum circuits. correct answers are amplified, and
While analogous to classical logic incorrect ones are canceled out,
gates, these operations harness allowing the computer to home in on
quantum phenomena for the right solution.
fundamentally different
computational processes.
Leading Qubit Technologies Today
Superconducting Circuits
Pioneered by giants like Google and IBM, these qubits are fabricated on ultra-cold chips, cooled to near
absolute zero to maintain their quantum states.
Trapped Ions
Companies such as IonQ and Honeywell manipulate charged atoms (ions) with precision lasers, holding
them in electromagnetic traps to serve as qubits.
Photonic Processors
This technology leverages the quantum states of light (photons) for computation, offering a pathway to
quantum computing that can operate at room temperature.
Neutral & Rydberg Atoms
Exploring room-temperature atomic qubits with strong interactions, this method holds promise for
scalable quantum systems without extreme cooling demands.
Breakthrough: Quantum Supremacy Achieved
• In a landmark achievement, Google's "Willow" quantum
chip in 2024 demonstrated quantum supremacy (or
quantum advantage) by solving a specific computational
problem in just 5 minutes.
• This milestone marks a significant step towards
practical quantum computing, proving that quantum
machines can outperform classical ones on specialized
tasks, opening new avenues for complex problem-
solving.
Transformative Applications on
the Horizon
Chemistry & Materials Science
Simulating molecular interactions at an unprecedented scale,
accelerating the discovery of novel drugs, advanced catalysts,
and revolutionary materials.
Cryptography
Breaking currently unbreakable encryption methods and
simultaneously enabling the development of "quantum-safe"
security protocols to protect sensitive data in the future.
Optimization
Revolutionizing complex optimization problems in logistics,
financial modeling, artificial intelligence training, and supply
chain management for maximum efficiency.
Challenges & The Road Ahead
• Qubit Fragility: Quantum states are extremely delicate and
susceptible to environmental interference, leading to errors.
Developing robust error correction and fault tolerance
mechanisms remains a significant hurdle.
• Scaling Up: Moving from small-scale, noisy prototypes to large-
scale, practical quantum computers requires overcoming
immense engineering challenges. This involves integrating
more qubits while maintaining their coherence and connectivity.
• Global Investment: Governments, tech giants, and innovative
startups worldwide are collectively investing billions into
research and development, accelerating the pace of discovery
and practical implementation.
The Quantum Future Is Now
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Supercharging Innovation Symphony of Computation
Quantum computing is poised The true power will lie in the
to ignite a new era of synergistic collaboration
innovation, fundamentally between classical and quantum
transforming scientific computers, each excelling in its
discovery and industrial domain to unlock previously
capabilities across every sector. unimaginable possibilities.
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