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Analog-to-Analog Modulation Techniques

The document discusses analog-to-analog conversion and the necessity of modulation for transmitting analog signals over bandpass channels. It covers three types of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM), detailing their characteristics and bandwidth requirements. Each modulation type alters the carrier signal in different ways, affecting the overall bandwidth needed for transmission.

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Kanu Priya
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15 views13 pages

Analog-to-Analog Modulation Techniques

The document discusses analog-to-analog conversion and the necessity of modulation for transmitting analog signals over bandpass channels. It covers three types of modulation: Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM), detailing their characteristics and bandwidth requirements. Each modulation type alters the carrier signal in different ways, affecting the overall bandwidth needed for transmission.

Uploaded by

Kanu Priya
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ANALOG AND DIGITAL

Analog-to-analog conversion is the representation of


analog information by an analog signal. One may ask
why we need to modulate an analog signal; it is
already analog. Modulation is needed if the medium is
bandpass in nature or if only a bandpass channel is
available to us.
Topics discussed in this section:
 Amplitude Modulation
 Frequency Modulation
 Phase Modulation
Types of analog-to-analog modulation
Amplitude Modulation
 A carrier signal is modulated only in
amplitude value
 The modulating signal is the envelope
of the carrier
 The required bandwidth is 2B, where B
is the bandwidth of the modulating
signal
 Since on both sides of the carrier
freq. fc, the spectrum is identical, we
can discard one half, thus requiring a
smaller bandwidth for transmission.
Amplitude modulation
Note

The total bandwidth required for AM


can be determined
from the bandwidth of the audio
signal: BAM = 2B.
AM band allocation
Frequency Modulation
 The modulating signal changes
the freq. fc of the carrier
signal
 The bandwidth for FM is high
 It is approx. 10x the signal
frequency
Note

The total bandwidth required for FM can


be determined from the bandwidth
of the audio signal: BFM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  is usually 4.
Frequency modulation
FM band allocation
Phase Modulation (PM)
 The modulating signal only changes
the phase of the carrier signal.
 The phase change manifests itself
as a frequency change but the
instantaneous frequency change is
proportional to the derivative of
the amplitude.
 The bandwidth is higher than for
AM.
Phase modulation
Note

The total bandwidth required for PM can


be determined from the bandwidth
and maximum amplitude of the
modulating signal:
BPM = 2(1 + β)B.
Where  = 2 most often.

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