MATHEMATICS
PROJECT WORK
STATISTICS
LIST OF GROUP
MEMBERS
■ THANUSHREE
■ VARSHINI
■ VIDYUT
■ VISHWA
■ YASHWINI
■ YUVAKRISHNA
INTRODUCTION
■ The subject which deals with such type of figures, called data, is
known as Statistics. The word ‘Statistics’ is probably derived from
the Latin word ‘status’ or the Italian word ‘statista’ or the German
word 2 Basic Statistics ‘statistik’, each of which means a ‘political
state’. The word ‘Statistics’ is used in singular as well as in plural
sense. As a plural, statistics may be defined as the numerical
data relating to an aggregate of individuals and as a singular it is
defined as the science of collection, organization, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of numerical data. One can find more
than hundred definitions in the literature but no definition can
give a complete picture of the fast growing subject of Statistics.
■ Fisher’s definition is most exact in the sense that it covers all
aspects and fields of Statistics viz. Collection, Organization,
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of [Link] credit for
application of statistics to diverse fields of biological sciences
goes to Sir R.A. Fisher (1890-1962) who is also known as “Father
of Modern Statistics”.
1. Mean
[Link]
Mean of a random variable is the
average of the random values of the
possible outcomes of a random
experiment. In simple terms, it is the
expectation of the possible outcomes
of the random experiment, repeated
again and again or n number of
times. It is also called the expectation
of a random variable. It is also called
expectation, mathematical
expectation or first moment. For
example, if we roll a dice having six
faces, then the expected value will be
the average value of all the possible
outcomes, i.e. 3.5.
[Link]
The median is the middle value in a set of numbers
that has been arranged in order. To find the median,
first sort the numbers from lowest to highest. If there
is an odd number of values, the median is the single
middle number; if there is an even number of values,
the median is the average of the two middle
numbers. he median represents the middle value in a
dataset that has been ordered from lowest to
highest. It is a measure of central tendency, meaning
it indicates the central point of the data, with half of
the values falling below it and half falling above it.
•What it shows:
•The median is not affected by extremely high or low
values (outliers) as the mean (average) is.
•It is a good indicator of a "typical" value, especially in
skewed datasets like income, where a few high earners
can drastically inflate the mean.
[Link]
The mode in maths is defined as the
value that appears most frequently in a
data set. In other words, it’s the number
(or numbers) seen the highest number
of times among all observations. You’ll
find this concept applied in areas such
as statistics, science research, and real-
world data like most popular items or
survey responses. The mode in
maths is defined as the value that
appears most frequently in a data set.
In other words, it’s the number (or
numbers) seen the highest number of
times among all observations. You’ll find
this concept applied in areas such as
statistics, science research, and real-
world data like most popular items or
survey responses.
Summary
■ Summary statistics is a part of descriptive statistics that
summarizes and provides the gist of information about the
sample data.
■ Statisticians commonly try to describe and characterize the
observations by finding:
• a measure of location, or central tendency, such as the
arithmetic mean
• a measure of statistical dispersion like the standard mean
absolute deviation
• a measure of the shape of the distribution like skewness
• if more than one variable is measured, a measure of statistical
dependence such as a correlation coefficient
• The arithmetic mean, median, mode, and interquartile mean