SUBNETTING

SUBNETTING
• Subnetting memungkinkan untuk menciptakan beberapa
alamat jaringan logical dari sebuah blok alamat tunggal
• Cara membuat subnet dengan menggunakan satu atau
lebih bit host sebagai bit jaringan (meminjam bit host
untuk alamat jaringan)
• Contoh:
 jika meminjam 1 bit, dapat membuat 2 subnet.
 Jika meminjam 2 bit, dapat memiliki 4 subnet.
• Namun, dengan setiap bit yang kami pinjam,
mengakibatkan lebih sedikit alamat host yang tersedia
per subnet.
RUMUS MENGHITUNG SUBNET

• Gunakan rumus ini untuk menghitung

jumlah subnet:

• dimana n = jumlah bit yang dipinjam

Dalam contoh ini, perhitungan
terlihat seperti ini:
2 ^ 1 = 2 subnet
SUBNETTING…
• Jumlah host

dimana n = jumlah bit tersisa untuk host.

• Pada contoh di atas () masing-
masing subnet dapat memiliki 126 host.
• Nilai-nilai dalam oktet untuk dua jaringan
adalah:
Subnet 1: 00000000 = 0
Subnet 2: 10000000 = 128
Contoh 3 subnet
 Subnetting
Sekali lagi kita mulai dengan blok [Link] / 24 alamat
yang sama.
• Meminjam satu bit hanya akan menyediakan dua
subnet.
• Meminjam dua bit. Ini akan menyediakan empat subnet.
• Hitung subnet dengan rumus ini:
2 ^ 2 = 4 subnet
• Perhatikan subnet.
Subnet 0: 0 = 00000000
Subnet 1: 64 = 01000000
Subnet 2: 128 = 10000000
Subnet 3: 192 = 11000000
• Terapkan rumus perhitungan host.
2 ^ 6 - 2 = 62 host per subnet
subnetting
 Subneting ..
Contoh dengan 6 subnet
Untuk mengakomodasi 6 jaringan, subnet [Link] / 24 menjadi blok alamat
menggunakan rumus:
2^3=8

Untuk mendapatkan setidaknya 6 subnet, meminjam tiga bit host.

Sebuah subnet mask [Link] menyediakan tiga bit jaringan tambahan.

Jumlah host
Untuk menghitung jumlah host, dimulai dengan memeriksa oktet terakhir. Perhatikan
subnet.
0 = 00000000
32 = 00100000
64 = 01000000
96 = 01100000
128 = 10000000
160 = 10100000
192 = 11000000
224 = 11100000
Terapkan rumus perhitungan host:
2 ^ 5 - 2 = 30 host per subnet.
Ingat!!
Borrowing Bits
• Berapa bit yang harus dipinjam untuk membuat
sejumlah subnet atau sejumlah host per subnet?
• Dengan menggunakan bagan ini, mudah untuk
menentukan jumlah bit yang harus dipinjam.
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
1,02 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
4
Number of bits borrowed:
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1
1,02 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
4
Hosts or Subnets

• Kurangi 2 untuk jumlah host yang dapat digunakan

per subnet, satu untuk alamat subnet dan satu untuk
alamat broadcast subnet.
Ingat !!!

Dec. Binary
Nilai Subnet Mask yang
mungkin 255 11111111
• Karena subnet mask 254 11111110
merupakan deretan
252 11111100
angka1 diikuti oleh deretan
248 11111000
angka 0, konversi menjadi
notasi dotted desimal 240 11110000
adalah: 224 11100000
192 11000000
128 10000000

0 00000000
Latihan subnetting
Diberikan
Host IP [Link]
Address
Network Mask [Link] (/16)
Subnet Mask [Link]
(/26)

Tentukan

Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per
Subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for this IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on this
Subnet
Broadcast Address for this
Subnet
Step 1: Translate host IP address and
subnet mask into binary notation.

172 25 114 250

IP Address 10101100 11001000 01110010 11111010
11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Subnet Mask 255 255 255 192
 Step 2: Determine the network (or
subnet) where this host address belongs
1. Draw a line under the mask.
2. Perform a bit-wise AND operation on the IP Address and the Subnet
Mask.
Note: 1 AND 1 results in a 1’ 0 AND anything results in a 0.
3. Express the result in dotted decimal notation.
4. The result is the Subnet Address of this Subnet, which is
[Link]
172 25 114 250
1100100 0111001 111110
IP Address 10101100
0 0 10
1111111 1111111 110000
Subnet Mask 11111111
1 1 00
Subnet 1100100 0111001 110000
10101100
Address 0 0 00
172 25 114 192
Add this information to the table
Subnet Address for this IP [Link]
Address 92
Step 3: Determine which bits in the
address contain network information
and which contain host information
1. Draw the Major Divide (M.D.) as a wavy line where the 1s
in the major network mask end (also the mask if there was
no subnetting). In our example, the major network mask is
[Link], or the first 16 left-most bits.
2. Draw the Subnet Divide (S.D.) as a straight line where the
1s in the given subnet mask end. The network information
ends where the 1s in the mask end.

3. The result is the Number of Subnet Bits, which can be

determined by simply counting the number of bits
between the M.D. and S.D., which in this case is 10 bits.
Step 4: Determine the bit
ranges for subnets and hosts
1. Label the subnet counting range between the
M.D. and the S.D. This range contains the bits
that are being incremented to create the subnet
numbers or addresses.
2. Label the host counting range between the S.D.
and the last bits at the end on the right. This
range contains the bits that are being
incremented to create the host numbers or
addresses.
Step 5: Determine the range of host
addresses available on this subnet
and the broadcast address on this
subnet
1. Copy down all of the network/subnet bits of the network address
(that is, all bits before the S.D.).
2. In the host portion (to the right of the S.D.), make the host bits all 0s
except for the right-most bit (or least significant bit), which you
make a 1. This gives us the first host IP address on this subnet,
which is the first part of the result for Range of Host Addresses for
This Subnet, which in the example is [Link].
3. Next, in the host portion (to the right of the S.D.), make the host bits
all 1s except for the right- most bit (or least significant bit), which
you make a 0. This gives us the last host IP address on this subnet,
which is the last part of the result for Range of Host Addresses for
This Subnet, which in the example is [Link].
4. In the host portion (to the right of the S.D.), make the host bits all
1s. This gives us the broadcast IP address on this subnet. This is the
result for Broadcast Address of This Subnet, which in the example is
[Link].
Step 4...
Let’s add some of this information to our table
Host IP Address [Link]
Major Network Mask [Link] (/16)
Major (Base) Network Address [Link]
Major Network Broadcast Address [Link]
Total Number of Host Bits 16 bits or 216 or 65,536 total hosts
Number of Hosts 65,536 – 2 = 65,534 usable hosts
Subnet Mask [Link] (/26)
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Step 6: Determine the
number of subnets
• The number of subnets is determined by how
many bits are in the subnet counting range (in
this example, 10 bits).
• Use the formula 2n, where n is the number of bits
in the subnet counting range
1. 210 = 1024
Number of Subnet 10 bits
Bits

Number of Subnets 210 = 1024 subnets

(all 0s used, all 1s not
used)
Step 7: Determine the number
usable hosts per subnet.
• The number of hosts per subnet is determined by
the number of host bits (in this example, 6 bits)
minus 2 (1 for the subnet address and 1 for the
broadcast address of the subnet).
• 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 hosts per subnet
Number of Host Bits 6 bits
per Subnet
Number of Usable Hosts 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62
per Subnet hosts per subnet
 Step 8: Final Answers
Host IP Address [Link]
Subnet Mask [Link] (/26)
Number of Subnet Bits 10 bits
Number of Subnets 210 = 1024 subnets
Number of Host Bits per 6 bits
Subnet
Number of Usable Hosts per 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 hosts
Subnet per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP [Link]
Address
IP Address of First Host on [Link]
this Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on [Link]
this Subnet
Broadcast Address for this [Link]
Subnet
Latihan 1
Host IP Address [Link]
63
Net mask [Link]
Subnet Mask 255.255.240.
0
Number of Subnet Bits
Number of Subnets
Number
Subnet of Host Bits per
Number
Subnet of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
AddressAddress for this IP
IP Address
this Subnetof First Host on
IP Address
this Subnetof Last Host on
Broadcast
Subnet Address for this
Latihan 2
Host IP Address [Link]
3
Net mask [Link]
Subnet Mask [Link]
52
Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets

Number of Host Bits per Subnet

Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for this IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on this
Subnet
Broadcast Address for this Subnet
Latihan 3
Host IP Address [Link]
9
Net mask [Link]
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
224
Number of Subnet Bits

Number of Subnets

Number of Host Bits per Subnet

Number of Usable Hosts per
Subnet
Subnet Address for this IP
Address
IP Address of First Host on this
Subnet
IP Address of Last Host on this
Subnet
Broadcast Address for this
Subnet