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Probiotics and Fermentation Factors

The document discusses the factors affecting the viability of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, including the impact of gastric acids, bile acids, and digestive enzymes. It highlights the role of milk proteins, bioactive peptides, and short-chain fatty acids in relation to health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, it outlines the processes of homolactic and heterolactic fermentation in probiotic metabolism.

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anconsarkar23
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2 views7 pages

Probiotics and Fermentation Factors

The document discusses the factors affecting the viability of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, including the impact of gastric acids, bile acids, and digestive enzymes. It highlights the role of milk proteins, bioactive peptides, and short-chain fatty acids in relation to health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, it outlines the processes of homolactic and heterolactic fermentation in probiotic metabolism.

Uploaded by

anconsarkar23
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Figure : Yogurt

Figure : Kefir
Figure : Cheese
Gastrointestinal Processing & Storage
Tract

Stomach: 1. Food additives


Gastric acids [pH 1-3] 2. Processing conditions:
Enzyme activity -Temperature
-Oxygen levels

Small Intestine:
Bile acids
Digestive enzymes Storage conditions :
-Temperature
-PH
-Moisture content
Colon:
-Oxygen exposure
Colonization resistance

Factors affecting the viability of probiotics. Adapted from (Terpou et al.,2019)


Starters &
Probiotics

Milk Protein &


Bioactive peptides  Obesity & Diabetes
 Cardiovascular Disease
 Intestinal Inflammation
 Barrier Dysfunction
Milk fat
 Neuroimmune Disease

Short-Chain fatty
acids (SCFAs)

Figure : Precision modulation of Gut Microbiota


Homolactic Fermentation :

Glucose

ATP

ADP

Fructose 6-phosphate

ATP 4 ADP
2 NAD+ 4 ATP
ADP 2 NADH

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Pyruvate Lactate

2 NADH
2 NAD+

Di-hydroxy acetone phosphate


Heterolactic Fermentation : ATP
NAD+
Glucose

ADP
NADH
6-phosphogluconate

Xylose 5-phosphate
ADP ATP

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Acetyl phosphate Acetate


2 ADP
1 NAD+

2 ATP
1 NADH
Pyruvate Acetyl Co-enzyme
2 NADH
NADH

NAD+ 2 NAD+

Lactate Ethanol

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