Chapter 1 & 2
Introduction to Computer Programming
Computer Programming Language
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Outcome:
To know basic information about computer programming
To get familiar with algorithm, pseudo-code and flowchart
To know computer programming language
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer
Programming
Computer programs, known as software, are instructions to the
computer.
Programming began in the 1940s, using memory addresses and machine
code directly.
Older programs were “monolithic,” and ran from beginning to end.
Programs are written using programming languages.
Newer programs contain modules that can be combined to form
programs.
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer
Programming
1101101010011010
COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)
FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)
BASIC (Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instructional
Code)
Pascal (named for Blaise Pascal)
Ada (named for Ada Lovelace)
C (whose developer designed B first)
Visual Basic (Basic-like visual language developed by
Microsoft)
Delphi (Pascal-like visual language developed by
Borland)
C++ (an object-oriented language, based on C)
Java (an object-oriented language)
Python
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer
Programming
Algorithm, pseudo-code, flowchart
Algorithm? the list of instructions and rules that a computer needs to
do to complete a task
Algorithm pseudo-code or flowchart or both
Pseudo-code? a plain language description of the steps in an algorithm
Flowchart? a diagram that depicts a process, system or computer
algorithm
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer
Programming
Task:
Write an algorithm to calculate an area based on a given width and
length. The area is width multiply length.
Pseudo-code:
Input
Input: a width and a length
1. Calculate the area by multiplying the width
and length Process
2. Print out the area
Output: area Output
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer
Programming
Task:
Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade and
indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is
calculated based on the average of four marks. If the average
mark is below than 50, the grade is FAIL and vice versa.
Pseudo-code:
Input: width, length
1. area = width * length
2. print area
Output: area
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Introduction to Computer Flowchart
Programming Start
Task:
Write an algorithm to Enter width,
calculate an area based length
on a given width and
length. The area is
width multiply length.
Area = width x
length
Print area
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End
Introduction to Computer
Programming
Flowchart symbols that represent certain meaning
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Computer Programming Language
Python Thonny (IDE)
Script to write your code
Shell to execute the written code
Variable to view your variables name and value
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Computer Programming Language
Python Script
Write code in here
Variables (name,
value)/ Help/ Notes
Shell
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Input / Output displayed
here
Computer Programming Language:
Steps to do Python code in Thonny
Step 1: Create new file: click File New name your file
Step 2: Write code in the script
Step 3: Click File Save or “ctrl+s”
Step 4: Click Run to execute the code
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Computer Programming Language:
Steps to do Python code in Thonny
The output will be displayed in the Shell
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Computer Programming Language:
Steps to do Python code in Thonny
Pseudo-code:
Input: width, length
1. area = width * length
2. print area
Output: area
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Computer Programming Language:
Steps to do Python code in Thonny
How the python Shell execute the program? Line by line in the code
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Computer Programming Language:
Steps to do Python code in Thonny
We cannot see the process on computer screen because the processes
occur in computer memory and CPU (the brain of computer).
We can see the variables name and the values that have been executed.
Program execution is ended when there is no more code after the last
line.
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Summary:
Computer program contain codes of instructions, telling computer
what to do.
The instructions are written by you as the programmer (a person
writing computer codes).
The written instructions (codes) are stored in files (computer system).
It is executed (start doing all the actions), when you open or execute
the program in computer system.
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
General Concept in Programming
How to write scripts to solve a problem? do the step by step in
flowchart and pseudo-code
The steps must be based on the logic to solve the problem.
Logic Syntax and Semantic logic
Syntax formal rules - how valid instructions are written in a
programming language the code must be written based on valid rules
in the python (eg.: print (“ “))
Semantic set of rules that determines the instruction’s meaning in a
programming languages eg.: to calculate area, you need to have the
width and length value, you cannot write the area calculation before
having the values.
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
General Concept in Programming
Identifiers: to name variables
Formed by combining letters, digits and underscore
Case sensitive.
2 categories:-
Standard
User-defined
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
General Concept in Programming
• print
Identifiers: to name
• variables
if
Formed by combining• letters,
else digits and underscore
Case sensitive. • continue
2 categories:- • True
Standard • False
User-defined • while
• break
………….. Python keywords already have in python
that have specific function/instruction
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
General Concept in Programming
Programmer (you) can define it.
• width
• length
Identifiers: to name variables
• area
Formed by combining letters, digits and underscore
• firstName
Case sensitive.
• lastName
2 categories:-
The rules:
Standard
User-defined 1. Variables can be a combination of letters in lowercase (a to
z) or uppercase (A to Z) or digits (0 to 9) or an underscore
_. Names like myClass, var_1 and print_this_to_screen,
all are valid example.
2. Cannot start with digit: 1var
3. Cannot use the python keywords.
4. Cannot use special symbols: ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ).
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5. Must be meaningful: first_Name, not nm;
Arithmetic Operators
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General Concept in Programming
Identifiers: to name variables
Formed by combining letters, digits and underscore
Case sensitive.
2 categories:-
Standard
User-defined
Let’s analyze the program
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Example 1: find total values
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Example 2: find difference value
What if?:
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Example 3: find force on a mass
force = mass x gravity
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Example 4: find volume of a cylinder
volume = pi x height x radius2
What if?:
Python Tutorial
[Link]
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[Link]
[Link]
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing
Dr Suryanti Awang, Faculty of Computing