Prepared by
Bindhya Thomas
CARTESIAN
PRODUCT OF
TWO SET
The Cartesian product of two sets A and B, written as A×B A times B , is the
set of all ordered pairs where:
• the first element is from set A,
• and the second element is from set B.
Definition
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CARTESIAN
PRODUCT OF
TWO SET
Example 1
• A={1,2,3}
• B={2,4}
• A X B={(1,2),(1,4),(2,2),(2,4),(3,2),(3,4)}
• B x A ={(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(4,1),(4,2)(4,3)}
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CARTESIAN
PRODUCT OF
TWO SET
Example 2
• Let
A={1,2} and B={x,y}
Then
• A×B={(1,x),(1,y),(2,x),(2,y)}
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CARTESIAN
PRODUCT OF
TWO SET
Example 3
• Let
C={a,b}
Then
• C×C={(a,a),(a,b),(b,a),(b,b)}
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• Number of Elements in the cartesian
Product is :
• If |A| = m and |B| = n, then |A X B| = |A|
* |B| =m*n
Example :
• If |A| = 3 and |B| = 4, then
• ∣A×B∣=3×4=12
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RELATIONS
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• A={1,2,3}
• B={2,4}
A X B={(1,2),(1,4),(2,2),(2,4),(3,2),(3,4)}
An ordered pair (a,b), we can write as aRb where a
element of set A and b is an element of set B and
there is a relation between a and b.
R1= ={(1,2),(2,4)} is a relation based on A x B
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Types of Relations
When the relation is within the same set (i.e., a relation on a set), we can
describe it with specific properties:
1. Reflexive Relation
Every element is related to itself.
For all a∈A, (a,a)∈R for every element in the given set
Example: On A = {1, 2}, R = { (1,1), (2,2) } is reflexive.
2. Symmetric Relation
If (a, b)∈R, then (b, a)∈R then a=b
Example: R = { (1,2), (2,1) } is symmetric.
3. Transitive - if (a,b) and (b,c) ∈R then (a,c) ∈R
{(1,2),(2,3),(1,3)}
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Summary Table
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