Non-probability sampling
• Unequal chance of being included in the sample (non-random)
Non random or non - probability sampling refers to the
sampling process in which, the samples are selected for a
specific purpose with a pre-determined basis of selection.
• The sample is not a proportion of the population and there is
no system in selecting the sample.
• The selection depends upon the situation.
• No assurance is given that each item has a chance of being
included as a sample
• There is an assumption that there is an even distribution of
characteristics within the population, believing that any sample
would be representative.
Types of Non-Probability Sampling
• Judgment or purposive or deliberate sampling
• Convenience sampling
• Quota sampling
Judgment or purposive or deliberate
sampling
• In this method, the sample selection is purely based on the
judgment of the investigator or the researcher. This is
because, the researcher may lack information regarding the
population from which he has to collect the sample.
• Population characteristics or qualities may not be known, but
sample has to be selected.
• In this method of sampling the choice of sample items
depends primarily on the judgment of the researcher. In
other words, the researcher determines and includes those
items in the sample which he thinks are most typical of the
universe with regard to the characteristics of research
project.
• For example, suppose 100 boys are to be selected
from a college with 1000 boys. If nothing is known
about the students in this college, then the
investigator may visit the college and choose the first
100 boys he meets. Or he may select 100 boys all
belonging to III Year. Or he might select 25 boys from
Commerce course, 25 from Science courses, 25 boys
from Arts courses and 25 from Fine arts courses.
Hence, when only the sample size is known, the
investigator uses his discretion and select the sample.
Convenience sampling
• Convenience sampling is commonly known as unsystematic,
accidental or opportunistic sampling. According to this
procedure a sample is selected according to the convenience
of the investigator.
• In this method of sampling the choice of sample items
depends primarily on the judgment of the researcher. In other
words, the researcher determines and includes those items in
the sample which he thinks are most typical of the universe
with regard to the characteristics of research project.
• A type of non probability sampling which involves the sample
being drawn from that part of the population which is close to
hand. That is, readily available and convenient.
• For example, suppose 100 car owners are to
be selected. Then we may collect from the
RTO's office the list of car owners and then
make a selection of 100 from that to form the
sample.
. QUOTA SAMPLING
• In this method, the sample size is determined first
and then quota is fixed for various categories of
population, which is followed while selecting the
sample.
• In this method the quota has to be determined in
advance and intimated to the investigator
• The quota for each segment of the population may
be fixed at random or with a specific basis. Normally
such a sampling method does not ensure
representativeness of the population.
• Example: - Suppose we want to select 100
students, then we might say that the sample
should be according to the quota given
below : Boys 50%, Girls 50% Then among the
boys, 20% college students, 40% plus two
students, 30% high school students and 10%
elementary school students. A different or the
same quota may be fixed for the girls.