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AFRICAN-AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
The African-American Civil Rights Movement refers to the social movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring voting rights to them. The phase of this movement was between 1955 and 1968.
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The emergence of the Black Power Movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include racial dignity, economic and political selfsufficiency, and freedom from oppression by white Americans.
Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state, and local governments, businesses, and communities often had to respond immediately to these situations that highlighted the inequities faced by African Americans.
Forms of protest and/or civil disobedience included boycotts , "sit-ins", marches, and a wide range of other nonviolent activities.
Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement:
Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations. Voting Rights Act of 1965 restored and protected voting rights.
Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional European groups. Fair Housing Act of 1968 banned discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.
-After this achievements African
Americans re-entered politics in the South, and across the country young people were inspired to action.
BACKGROUND
African
Americans were being disfranchised, white Democrats imposed racial segregation by law.
Violence
against
blacks
increased.
The early 20th century is a period often referred to as the "nadir of American race relations". While problems and civil rights violations were most intense in the South, social tensions affected African Americans in other regions as well.
During this period there was racial segregation, disfranchisement, exploitation, and violence.
African-Americans
resisted the regime in numerous ways and sought better opportunities through lawsuits, new organizations, political redress, and labor organizing.
The
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909.
African Americans adopted a combined strategy of direct action with nonviolent resistance known as civil disobedience, giving rise to the African-American Civil Rights Movement of 1955 1968.
By 1966, the emergence of the Black Power Movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from White domination
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OTED ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ARE:
The legal victory in the Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Passage of the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965.
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Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
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Some of the most important people were Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, H. Rap Brown, Angela Davis, Julian Bond, Lyndon Johnson, James Meredith, and Cesar Chevez.
Many of those who were most active in the Civil Rights Movement prefer the term "Southern Freedom Movement" because the struggle was about far more than just civil rights under law; it was also about fundamental issues of freedom, respect, dignity, and justice, as well as economic and social equality.