Fire Extinguisher Training

The Fire Triangle

Fire Safety, at its most basic, is based upon the

principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition
sources separate.
 The Fire Triangle
Three things must be present at the same time to
produce fire:

1. Enough OXYGEN to sustain combustion

2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition
temperature
3. Some FUEL or combustible material
Together, they produce the CHEMICAL
REACTION that is fire
Take away any of these things and
the fire will be extinguished
 Fuel Classifications
• Fires are classified according to the type
of fuel that is burning.
• If you use the wrong type of fire
extinguisher on the wrong class of fire,
you might make matters worse.
• Its very important to understand the
four different fire (fuel) classifications…
 Types of
Fire Class Fire Type Materials involved
Wood, paper, cloth, trash
A General etc…

Flammable Flammable solvents, liquids,

B
Liquids Oils, Greases, Paints etc…

1. Electrical Energized electrical equipment

C 2. Flammable and All flammable
Gases gases

D Water reactive Chemicals,

D Metals
Combustible metals etc…
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 HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE
• There are three fire extinguishing methods :

• Starvation :- by removing fuel from fire.

- By cutting of fuel supply
[ Most effective for gas fire ]

• Smothering :- blanketing of fuel by coating material,

- by inserting of gas, steam/vaporizing
liquid

• Cooling : -natural cooling ( water spray is the

most commonly used)
[ effective for oxidizing chemicals,
tank fires, etc.,]
 Fuel Classifications
Most fire extinguishers will have a pictograph
label telling you which types of fire the
extinguisher is designed to fight.
For example:

…which means it should only be used on Class A fire

 Types of Fire Extinguishers
Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to
fight different classes of fire.

The 3 most common types of fire extinguishers are:

1. Aqua Film Forming Foam (AFFF)

2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

3. Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

Types of Fire Extinguishers
1. Aqua Film Forming Foam

Aqueous film-forming foam

(AFFF), used on A and B
fires and for vapor
suppression. The most
common type in portable
foam extinguishers.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
The pressure in a
CO2 extinguisher is
so great, bits of
dry ice may shoot
out of the horn!

CO2 cylinders are red. They range in size from 2 to

9 kg capacity or larger. On larger sizes, the horn will
be at the end of a long, flexible hose.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers
CO2’s are designed for Class B and C
(Flammable Liquids and Electrical Sources)
fires only!

CO2 Extinguisher is of 2.0 kg, 4.5 kg & 9 kg capacity

and of 22.5 kg capacity trolley mounted type

This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B & C

CO2 Extinguisher contains Carbon Di-oxide as

extinguisher media.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

Carbon dioxide is a
non-flammable gas
that takes away the
oxygen element of
the fire triangle.
Without oxygen,
there is no fire.

CO2 is very cold as it comes out of the

extinguisher, so it cools the fuel as well.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
2. Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishers

A CO2 may be ineffective in

extinguishing a Class A fire
because it may not be able to
displace enough oxygen to
successfully put the fire out.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

Dry chemical
extinguishers put out
fire by coating the fuel
with a thin layer of dry
chemical powder. This
separates the fuel from
the oxygen in the air.

The powder also works to interrupt the chemical reaction

of fire. These extinguishers are very effective at putting
out fire.
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

ABC extinguishers are red.

“ABC” fire extinguishers are filled with a fine

powder. The extinguishers are pressurized with
nitrogen.
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers
Types of Fire Extinguishers
•DCP Extinguisher is of 5 kg & 10 kg capacity gas cartridge type, and of 25 & 50 kg capacity trolley mounted type.
•This type of Extinguisher is suitable for Class B,C &D
•DCP Extinguisher contains sodium bi carbonate as extinguisher media. (white colour)
 Types of Fire Extinguishers
3. Dry Chemical (ABC) Fire Extinguishers

An “ABC” extinguisher will have a

label like this, indicating it may be
used on Class A, B and C fires.
 How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
It’s easy to remember how to use a fire
extinguisher if you remember the acronym
PASS:

 Pull
 Aim
 Squeeze
 Sweep
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

Pull the pin…

This will
allow you
to
discharge
the
extinguishe
r
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Aim at the base of the fire…

Hit the fuel.

If you aim at
the flames...

… the extinguishing agent will fly

right through and do no good.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Squeeze the top handle…

This depresses
a button that
releases the
pressurized
extinguishing
agent.
 How to Use a Fire Extinguisher
Sweep from side to side…

.. until the fire

is completely
out.
Start using the extinguisher from a
safe distance away, then slowly
move forward.

Once the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it

re-ignites.
 Rules for Fighting Fires
Fires can be very dangerous and you should always be certain that
you will not endanger yourself or others when attempting to put out a
fire.
For this reason, when a fire is discovered…

1. Shout “FIRE-FIRE-FIRE”
2. Run & bring the fire extinguisher & try to extinguish
the fire.
3. Activate the building fire alarm if within reach. The fire
alarm will notify the others.
 Rules for Fighting Fires
. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep these
things in mind:
1. Know what is burning. If you don’t know what’s burning, you won’t
know what kind of extinguisher to use.
2. Even if you have an ABC fire extinguisher, there may be something in
the fire that is going to explode or produce toxic fumes.
3. Correct type of fire extinguisher is to be chosen for fighting the fire.
 Rules for Fighting Fires
. . . before deciding to fight the fire, keep
these things in mind:
4. Is the fire spreading rapidly beyond the point where it
started? The time to use an extinguisher is at the beginning
stages of the fire.
5. If the fire is already spreading quickly, it is best to simply
evacuate the building.

As you evacuate a building, close doors and

windows behind you as you leave ensuring
that nobody is left behind. This will help to
slow the spread of smoke and fire.
 Rules for Fighting Fires
The final rule is to always position yourself with an
exit or means of escape at your back before you
attempt to use an extinguisher to put out a fire.

In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or something

unexpected happens, you need to be able to get out
quickly. You don’t want to become trapped.
STOP, DROP and ROLL
If your clothes catch 1. STOP! Do not run! (Running only makes
fire, it's normal to be the fire bigger)
a bit scared, but try 2. DROP! (Drop to the ground or floor)
not to panic. 3. ROLL! (Roll over and over until the flames
are smothered. Cover face with hands)

By learning how to
Stop, Drop, and Roll,
you will have a better
chance of being
okay.

You should stop drop and roll,

only when your clothes are on fire.
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Precaution at the time of Fire Fighting
• Extinguishing agent eliminates one of the vital elements of the fire
• Many types of extinguishers available
• Know location of extinguishers
• Alarm has been sounded
• Building has been evacuated
• Fire is small and confined
• You can fight the fire with your back toward an escape route
• The extinguisher matches the fire type
• The extinguisher works effectively
• You are properly trained in the use of the extinguisher
• You are confident you can put the fire out
Fire Protection/ Prevention
FIRE PREVENTION

Prevention is always better than Control. To pre

prevent the Fire accidents we have to eliminate the
common Fire Hazards of the work are
Heat generating appliances.
Static Electricity and Short circuits.
Non-Flame proof equipments.
Storage and handling of flammables/combustibles.
Open flames and Hot surfaces.
Exothermic reactions leads to explosions.
Vehicles and equipment and other unsafe acts &
conditions.
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 FIRE PREVENTION (contd…)
Fire can be prevented by
considering the following issues

Flame proof equipment

Good housekeeping
Proper Ventilation
Anti Static measures
Personnel awareness
Work procedures
Safe work practices
Right tools

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Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
Fire Protection
THANK
YOU