UNIT 3
UNDERSTANDING
ROBOTICS
Objectives
• Introduction to
Introduction to Robotics
Robotics • History of Robotics
History of Robotics • Types of Robots
Types of Robots
Laws of Robotics • Laws of Robotics
WHAT IS
of robots.
ROBOTICS
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, ?
construction, operation, and use
A robot is a machine that can carry out tasks autonomously or semi-autonomously, often
controlled by computer programs.
Importance of Robotics Introduction to
• Robotics plays a significant
Robotics
and growing role in various
aspects of daily life, impacting
Historysociety in numerous positive ways.
of Robotics
• Robots assist doctors in performing surgeries more precisely.
Types
• Robots help us learn about of Robots
technology and programming.
• Robots are used in gamingLawsandof Robotics enhancing
entertainment,
virtual and augmented reality experiences.
History of
• The term "Robot" was introduced in 1920
Robotics
by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play
"R.U.R." (Rossum's Universal Robots).
• In the 1960s, the first real industrial robot
was created, and it was called Unimate.
• Unimate was like a super strong and
precise arm that could do repetitive tasks in a factory.
• In the (1970s-80s), it was a period where scientists set up special
places called robotics research institutes.
• They focused on things like teaching robots to think and learn.
• In the (1990s-2000s), robots got even smarter.
• They started using sensors to see and feel their surroundings.
Plus, they started making decisions on their own, thanks to something called
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Introduction to
Robotics
History of Robotics
Types Of
Robots
There are various types of robots designed for different purposes and applications.
Industrial Robots
These robots are like super strong, precise arms that help
build things in factories.
The arm-like structure of a robot, called the manipulator,
consists of joints and links. It carries end effectors, such as
grippers or welding tools, to perform various tasks.
Example: Robotic arms in car manufacturing plants.
• Medical Robots
Robots used in medicine can assist surgeons in surgeries
or deliver medications.
Robots are more precise and less invasive .
• Educational Robots
They can help you understand and practice different subjects,
especially in science and programming.
Entertainment Robots
They help in playing games along with you,
or even robots used in theme parks.
Domestic Robots
These robots help with tasks at home.
They an vacuum the floors and robotic lawn mowers.
Agricultural Robots
Assist in agricultural tasks such as planting, harvesting, and monitoring crops.
Humanoid Robots
Humanoids are robots that look and act like humans.
They mimic human behavior, and can perform activities, such as running, jumping,
carrying objects.
Some of them can mimic human expressions as well.
Robots have sensors embedded and have cameras that enables them to see clearly.
Example: Sophia is a humanoid which exhibits human like expressions and can
interact with people.
Key
• Key Components of Robotics
Robots consist of various components that work together to perform specific tasks.
Power Source
Robots need a power source to operate. This can be in the form of batteries, electric power, or in some cases, hydraulic
or pneumatic systems.
Actuators
Actuators are responsible for the movement of robot parts. Electric motors, hydraulic cylinders, or pneumatic pistons act
as actuators, allowing the robot to move its joints or other components.
Sensors
Sensors provide robots with the ability to perceive and gather information about their environment.
Common sensors include:
Cameras: For visual information.
Microphones: For sound detection.
Infrared Sensors: For proximity and temperature sensing.
Touch Sensors: To detect physical contact.
Gyroscopes and Accelerometers: For measuring orientation and acceleration.
Control System
The control system is the brain of the robot.
It processes information from sensors, makes decisions, and sends commands to actuators.
It can be a microcontroller or a more sophisticated computer based system.
Feedback Mechanism
A feedback mechanism allows the robot to adjust its actions based on the information received from sensors.
This helps ensure accuracy and precision in performing tasks.
THREE LAWS OF
ROBOTICS
The Three Laws of Robotics were introduced by Isaac Asimov.
Asimov developed these laws as a set of ethical guidelines for robots, outlining principles to ensure the responsible use of
artificial intelligence. The laws are as follows
First Law
A robot may not injure a human being, or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
This law emphasizes the paramount importance of human safety. It dictates that a robot's primary duty is to ensure the
well-being of humans and prevent harm to them.
Second Law
A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
The second law is the concept of obedience to human commands.
Robots are expected to follow instructions from humans as long as those instructions do not lead to harm or conflict with
the First Law.
Third Law
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or
Second Law.
The third law introduces self-preservation as a guiding principle.
Robots are programmed to prioritize their own survival, but not at the expense of human safety or
disobedience to human commands.