INTRODUCTION TO
PCB
WHAT IS PCB?
• PCB is an acronym for printed circuit board. It is a board that
has lines and pads that connect various points together.
• there are traces that electrically connect the various connectors
and components to each other. A PCB allows signals and
power to be routed between physical devices.
• PCB's can be single sided (one copper layer), double sided
(two copper layers) or multi-layer.
• A PCB populated with electronic components is called a
printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board
assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA)
HISTORY:-
• First Developed by Australian Engineer Paul Eisler.
• Printed circuit board is the most common name but may
also be called “printed Wiring boards” or “printed wiring
cards”. Before the advent of the PCB circuits were
constructed through a laborious process of point-to-point
wiring.
• This lead to frequent failure in connection causes short circuit or
also causes damage to devices.
PRINTED WIRING BOARDS
TYPES OF PCBS :-
There are mainly three types of PCBs
• Single sided PCB
• Double Sided
• Multilayer PCB
- SINGLE SIDED PCB .1
• This type of printed circuit board contains just one layer
of substrate, or base material. One side of the substrate
is covered with a thin layer of metal, typically copper
because it’s an excellent electrical conductor.
• A single-sided PCB has electronic components and
circuits on only one side. This type of board works best
for simple electronics
2. DOUBLE-SIDED PCB -
• Double-sided PCBs are much more common than
single-sided boards. Both sides of the substrate have
metal conductive layers, and parts are attached to both
sides as well.
• Holes in the board allow circuits on one side to
connect to circuits on the other side.
3. MULTILAYER PCB -
• Multilayer PCBs expand on the technology used in
double-sided boards. They have several layers of
substrate boards, and insulating materials separate
the individual layers.
• As with double-sided boards, components on
multilayer boards can connect to each other through
holes in the board.
WHAT PCB IS MADE OF?
A basic PCB starts with a copper-clad fiberglass material or thin
copper sheets attached to either side of the board. It consists of :-
1. Copper Foil
2. Copper Plating
3. Solder Flow
4. Solder Mask
5. Trace
6. Slots and cut outs
PCB BASE
• Base material of substrate is fiberglass
• FR-4 is used commonly
• Solid core gives PCB its rigidity and thickness
• There are also flexible PCBs built on high
temperature plastic like Kapton
FR-4
• Composite material composed of woven fiberglass
cloth with an epoxy resin binder that is flame resistant
• FR stands for ‘ Flame retardant”
• Created from constituent materials- epoxy resin,
woven glass fabric reinforcement, brominated flame
retardant etc. in 1968
• It employs Bromine to facilitate flame resistant
properties
FR- 4
PCB CHARACTERISTICS :-
• Through-hole technology
• Surface-mount technology
1. THROUGH-HOLE TECHNOLOGY -
• The first PCBs used through-hole technology,
mounting electronic components by leads inserted
through holes on one side of the board and soldered
onto copper traces on the other side. Boards may be
• Single-sided, with an un plated component side, or
more compact double-sided boards, with
components soldered on both sides
THROUGH-HOLE TECHNOLOGY
2. SURFACE-MOUNT
TECHNOLOGY -
• Surface-mount technology emerged in the 1960s,
gained momentum in the early 1980s and became
widely used by the mid-1990s.
• Components were mechanically redesigned to have
small metal tabs or end caps that could be soldered
directly onto the PCB surface, instead of wire leads to
pass through holes
SURFACE-MOUNT TECHNOLOGY
TOOLS USED FOR PCB SCHEMATIC
AND LAYOUT DESIGN :-
• Express SCH
• Express PCB
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
Thank you