Guagua National Colleges, Inc.
Guagua, Pampanga
Statistics Senior High School Department
AND
PROBABILI
TY
Core Subject Description:
At the end of the course, the students must know how to
find the mean and variance of a random variable, to apply sampling
techniques and distributions, to estimate population mean and
proportion, to perform hypothesis testing on population mean and
proportion, and to perform the correlation and regression analyses
on real-life problems.
CHAPTER 1 – RANDOM VARIABLES and PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
MODULE 1 – Random Variables
MODULE 2 – Probability distribution of Discrete
Random Variable
MODULE 3 – Mean and Variance of Discrete Random
Variable
CHAPTER 2 – NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
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CO
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MODULE 4 – Properties of Normal Distribution and
Areas Under the Normal Curve
CHAPTER 3 –SAMPLING and SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION
MODULE 5 –Sampling and Sampling Distribution
MODULE 6 – Central Limit Theorem
MODULE 7 – t-distribution
Definition of Statistics
a branch of mathematics
dealing with the collection,
analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of masses of
numerical data.
CHAPTER 1
RANDOM VARIABLES and
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
MODULE 1 – Random Variables
At the end of the module, the students must
be able to:
Illustrate a random variable (discrete and
continuous).
Distinguish between a discrete and a
continuous random variable.
:
ES
Illustrate a probability distribution for a
IV
T
ECJ discrete random variable and its
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properties.
Identify whether the given examples below can always be represented by a whole
number. Draw a if yes and draw a if not.
__________1. Number of men among 5 newly hired teachers.
__________2. Height of a randomly selected adult male.
__________3. Amount of rainfall (in mm) in the different cities in Metro Manila.
__________4. The amount of milk obtained from a cow.
__________5. Weight of 3 randomly selected books.
In some experiments such as tossing a coin three times, rolling a die twice, drawing two
balls from an urn and the like, we are not oftentimes concerned with every detail of the
outcomes. We are usually interested in some numerals associated with the outcomes. For
instance, if a coin is tossed twice, the set of all possible outcomes (S) of the experiment is:
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
If we are interested in the number of tails that come
out in the experiment, then we can assign numbers 0, 1, and 2
for each of the 4 possible outcomes. Thus, we can write
Sample Space Number of Tails
HH 0
HT 1
TH 1
TT 2
Types of Random Variables
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable X is said to be discrete random variable if it has a finite
number elements or infinite but can be represented by whole numbers.
These values usually arise from counts.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
A random variable X is said to be continuous random variable if it has infinite
number of elements and cannot be represented by whole numbers. These
values usually arise from measurements.
EXAMPLES:
1. A teacher’s record has the following (a) Scores of students in a
50-item test, (b) Gender, (c) Height of the students.
Let: X = Scores of students in a 50-item test
Y = Gender
Z = Height of the students
Classify each variable above as discrete or continuous.
X is a discrete random variable because the scores of
the students are represented by whole numbers.
Y is also a discrete random variable because male
and female could be coded 0= female and 1 = male, and thus,
could be counted.
Z is a continuous random variable because between
two values of height, there are always infinite numbers of
possible values for height, thus making representations to be
impossible.