+
STAIRCASE
+ Stairs
STAIRS: Is a set of steps leading from one level of a building to another.
Stairs provide access between levels of the building by means of ascent or
descent.
The room or enclosure of building in which the stair is located is known as
staircase.
+ Why do we need standard stairs?
To protect people from injury and facilitate access
during movement from one level to another in a building
STEPS RHYTHM : STAIRCASE SLOPE : STAIRCASE ACCESIBILITY
+ Main parts of stairs
+ Main parts of stairs
1. STEP: Is a portion of staircase which permit ascent
and descent.
2. TREAD: Is the upper horizontal portion of step upon
which the feet is placed.
3. RISER: The vertical portion between each tread on
the stair
4. HANDRAIL: The rail that is designed to be grasped by
hand so as to provide stability or support to a user.
6. BALUSTER: The vertical members supporting the
handrail.
[Link] POST: The vertical member which is placed at
the ends of flights to connect handrails
+ Main parts of stairs
7. RUN: The total length of stairs in a horizontal plane,
including landings.
8. NOSING: The projecting part of the tread beyond the face
of riser. It is rounded to give good architectural effect.
8. STRINGERS: These are sloping members which support
the steps in a stair. They run along the slope of a stair.
9. LANDING: Is the level platform that provide rest and
changing direction of the stair .
10. SOFFIT: Is the underside of a stair .
[Link]: The thickness of structural slab in case of RCC
stair.
12. FLIGHT: A series of steps without any platform, break, or
landing in the direction.
+ Main parts of stairs
7. HEADROOM: Is the minimum clear vertical distance
between the tread and ceiling.
8. PITCH or SLOPE: Is the angle which the line of nosing of
staircase makes with the horizontal
9. LINE OF NOSING: It is an imaginary lin e that touch of each
tread and is parallel to the slope of the stair.
10. WINDERS. Are tapering steps such as those radiate from a
point usually situated at the center of the newel post.
+ Requirements of a good staircase
1. LOCATION:
(i) It should be located in
area that provide easy
access to the
occupants.
(ii) It should be located in
well lighted and
ventilated from from
exterior.
(iii) It should be located in
such a way that
provide approaches
convenient and
spacious.
1. WIDTH OF STAIR:
(i) It should be wide enough to carry the user without much
crowd and convenience.
(ii) In domestic building, a 90cm wide stair is sufficient, while in
public building 1.5m to 1.8m width may be required.
+ Requirements of a good staircase
3. LENGTH OF FLIGHT:
(i) The number of steps are not more than 12 and not
less than 3
4. PITCH OF STAIR:
(i) A comfortable slope is limited between 300 and 450.
5. HEADROOM:
(i) Clear space between tread and soffit of the flight
immediately above it should not be less than 2.1 to
2.3m.
+ Requirements of a good
staircase
+ Requirements of a good staircase
6. STEPS DIMENSIONS:
(i) The rise and tread should be equal throughout the stairs to
provide comfort to the users. The going should not be less
than 25cm though 30cm is quite comfortable. The rise
should be between 10cm to 15cm.
(ii) The width of landing should not be less than width of
the stair.
7. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION:
The material used for stair construction should provide
a) Sufficient strength (b) Fire resistance.
8. BALUSTRADE:
All open well staircase should be provided with
balustrades to avoid accidents. In case of wide stairs it
should be provided with hand rails on both sides.
+ Requirements of a good staircase
6. STEPS DIMENSIONS:
(i) The rise and tread should be equal throughout the stairs to
provide comfort to the users. The going should not be less
than 25cm though 30cm is quite comfortable. The rise
should be between 10cm to 15cm.
(ii) The width of landing should not be less than width of
the stair.
7. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION:
The material used for stair construction should provide
a) Sufficient strength (b) Fire resistance.
8. BALUSTRADE:
All open well staircase should be provided with
balustrades to avoid accidents. In case of wide stairs it
should be provided with hand rails on both sides.
+ Stairs of different materials.
+ Stairs of different materials.
Timber stairs.
+ Stairs of different materials.
Contemporary timber Spiral glass stairs
stairs
+ TYPES OF STAIRS
There are three types of stairs
1. STRAIGHT STAIRS 2. TURNING STAIRS 3. CONTINOUS
STAIRS.
+ 1. STRAIGHT STAIRS
STRAIGHT FLIGHT STAIRS: These are stairs that run
continuous throughout the entire length in one direction
only.
They are commonly used for small houses where long but
narrow space is available to accommodate the single flight.
+ STRAIGHT STAIRS
+ STRAIGHT STAIRS
+ TURNING STAIRS
1. QUARTER TURN STAIRS: These are stairs that turn
through one
right angle.
The change in direction can be affected by either
introducing a landing or by providing winders.
+ TURNING STAIRS
2. HALF TURN STAIRS: These are stairs that turn through
right angle. A half turn may be of dog-legged type or
open newel type.
Dog-legged stairs. It
consist of two straight
flight of steps with abrupt
turn between them. A
level landing is placed
across the two flight at
the change of direction.
This type of staircase is
useful where the width of
the staircase hall is just
sufficient to
accommodate two width
of stair.
+ TURNING STAIRS
1. HALF TURN STAIRS: These are stairs that turn through
right angle. A half turn may be of dog-legged type or
open newel type.
Open Newel
stairs. Is a stair
with a well or
opening between
the flights in plan.
This well may be
rectangular or of
any geometrical
shape and it can be
used for fixing lift.
+ TURNING STAIRS
3. THREE QUARTER TURN STAIRS: Is a stair that turn
through right angles (270 degree). In this case an open well
is formed.
3Dimension view Floor plan
+ TURNING STAIRS
4. BIFURCATED STAIRS: These stair are so arranged that
there is a wide flight at the start which is further sub-divided
into two flights at the mid- landing. This two narrow flights
start from either side of the mid-landing.
+ TURNING STAIRS
BIFURCATED STAIRS:
+ CONTINOUS STAIRS
1. CIRCULAR OR SPIRAL STAIRS: These stair are usually
made either of R.C.C or metal, they are placed at
location where there is space limitations. These stairs
are not comfortable because all steps are
winders.
+ CONTINOUS STAIRS
2. HELICAL STAIRS: A helical stair looks very fine but it is
structural design and construction is complicated. It is made
of R.C.C in which a large portion of steel bars is required to
resist bending, shear and torsion.
+ VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
There are two types SYSTEM
of vertical transportation
system.
1. Elevators or Lift
2. Escalators
1. ELEVATORS OR
LIFT
The elevators are
used for moving
both people and
material in building
having more than
four storey’s.
People movers are
are described as
Passangers
+ VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
2. ESCALATORS: SYSTEM
An escalator is a moving
staircase which carries people between floors of
a building. It consists of a motor-driven chain of
individually linked steps on a track which cycle
on a pair of tracks which keep them horizontal.
Escalators are used around the world in places
where lifts would be impractical
Escalators are used around he world to move
pedestrian traffic in places where elevators
would be impractical.
Principle areas of usage include shopping
centers, airport, hotels, public buildings etc.
+ VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
+ STAIRS DESIGN DIMENSIONS
+ STAIRS DESIGN DIMENSIONS
Dimensioning:
Say Riser =160mm
Tread =250mm
Floor to floor height =3200mm
No: of risers = 3200/Risers
=20. (Each flight will have 10riser)
No: of treads per flight =No: of
risers -1
=9 treads.
+ SOME AMAZING STAIRS
+ SOME AMAZING STAIRS
+ SOME AMAZING STAIRS
+ SOME AMAZING STAIRS
+ SOME AMAZING STAIRS
+