ASSIGNMENT- DEADLINE
MONDAY
1 WHOLE (NOT YELLOW PAPER)
WRITTEN ONLY
DIFFERENTIATESAMPLE FROM
POPULATION (CITE AN EXAMPLE/S)
TYPESOF SAMPLING – differentiate
probability and non probability
PROBABILITY sampling and its types
Non probability sampling and its type
Sampling
Procedure
and the
Sample
POPULATION
refers to the aggregate or totality
of all the objects, subjects,
members that conform to a set of
specifications.
In quantitative studies, the
researcher identifies the
population to be studied during
the planning phase.
SAMPLE
Vizcarra (2003)
therepresentative of your study to answer
questionnaires or as participants.
In a descriptive study, usually the
respondents are very large.
Ifyou consider them all, it entails a lot of
money, time, and effort. When taken
honestly and accurately, the sample could
provide valid information like what is
expected of the whole universe of the study.
SAMPLING VS. SAMPLING FRAME
Baraceros, 2016
SAMPLING is a word that refers to your
method or process of selecting
respondents or people to answer
questions meant to yield data for a
research study.
SAMPLING FRAME is the term used to
mean the list of the members of such
population from where you will get the
sample
ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING
(Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007)
1. It saves time, money, and effort. The
researcher can save time, money, and effort
because the number of subjects involved is
small.
2. It is faster, cheaper, and economical. -
Sampling is more effective if every individual
of the population without bias has an equal
chance of being included in the sample and
data are scientifically collected, analyzed, and
interpreted.
ADVANTAGES OF SAMPLING
(Calmorin & Calmorin, 2007)
3. IT IS MORE ACCURATE- Fewer errors are made
due to small size of data involved in collection,
tabulation, presentation, analysis, and interpretation.
4. IT GIVES MORE COMPREHENSIVE
INFORMATION. Since there is a thorough
investigation of the study due to small sample, the
results give more comprehensive information
because all members of the population have an equal
chance of being included in the sample.
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
This formula is used when
you have limited information
about the characteristics of
the population and are using
a non-probability sampling
procedure
SLOVIN’S FORMULA
N
n = 1 + Ne2
Slovin’s formula
Where:
n = no. of samples
N = total population
e2 = error margin / margin of
error
TYPES OF SAMPLING
1. PROBABILITY RANDOM SAMPLING - This is
a type of sampling in which all members of the
population are given a chance of being selected.
This is also called scientific sampling.
[Link]-PROBABILITY SAMPLING - This is a
process of selecting respondents in which the
members of the entire population do not have an
equal chance of being selected as samples. These
are cases in which a sample is given priority
instead of other members. This is also termed as
non-scientific sampling
PROBABILITY RANDOM
SAMPLING
1. Restricted random sampling
2. Unrestricted random sampling
3. Systematic sampling
4. Cluster sampling
5. Stratified random sampling
RESTRICTED RANDOM
SAMPLING
This type of sampling design
involves certain restrictions
intended to improve the validity of
the sample. However, this design is
applicable only when the population
being investigated is homogeneous.
Homogeneous - group where
members share similar
characteristics or traits
UNRESTRICTED RANDOM
SAMPLING
This is the best random
sampling design due to no
restrictions imposed, and
every member in the
population has an equal
chance of inclusion in the
sample.
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
It
is a method of selecting every nth
element of the population (e.g.
every fifth, eight, ninth, or eleventh
element). After the size of the
sample has been determined, the
selection of the sample follows.
Solve the following using Slovin’s
Teachers’ Population
= 15,345
Sample size using Slovin’s formula
= 390
15,345/390 = 39.34 or 39 = is the
distance
Therefore, your respondents are
#39, 78, 117, 156, 195, etc. until
you have taken the total computed
sample size of 390.
CLUSTER SAMPLING
Thisis used in large-scale studies in
which the population is geographically
spread out.
Example: blocks or districts, in a
municipality or city composed of
population individuals and are selected
either by random sampling or systematic
sampling. This design is advantageous
when individuals in the blocks or districts
belong to heterogeneous group.
STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING
This technique of sampling is
used by making subdivisions of
the total population into
smaller groups to represent
the sample of the study. For
every group , the proportional
sample will be drawn.
NON-
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
1. Convenience sampling
2. Purposive sampling
3. Quota sampling
4. Voluntary sampling
5. Snowball sampling
Convenience sampling
It is also called accidental or
incidental sampling. The
respondents are obtained on the
availability or preference of the
researcher.
Those that can be easily reached
individually are usually
considered. In a survey, only
those with whom the researcher
can easily communicate are
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
It involves the handpicking of
subjects. This is also called
judgmental sampling.
For example, in a study involving
diabetic patients, the researcher
uses a list of diabetic patients
and chooses the necessary
number of respondents.
QUOTA SAMPLING
The word “quota” means desired
quantity or allocation. As used in
research, quota respondents are
chosen based on characteristics
needed in t h e investigation.
Forexample, if the quota is at least
50 respondents, those who possess
similar characteristics are included,
regardless of how they are chosen.
VOLUNTARY SAMPLING
Since the subjects you
expect to participate in the
sample are the ones
volunteering to constitute
the sample, there is no need
for you to do any selection
process.
SNOWBALL SAMPLING.
Similar to snow expanding or rolling
rapidly, this sampling method does
not give a specific set of samples. This
is true for a study involving
unspecified group of people. Dealing
with varied groups of people such as
street children, mendicants, drug
dependents, call center workers,
informal settlers, street vendors, and
the like is possible in this kind of non-
probability sampling.
PERFORMANCE TASK NUMBER 1: CREATE A SAMPLING PLAN
“Which factor most affects Grade 12 students’ academic
performance?”
TARGET POPULATION
Identify the entire group you will study (choose 1 section from 1 strand).
CHOOSE TWO SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Select two methods (e.g., simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic,
purposive, convenience, snowball).
Describe how you will apply each technique to your target population.
JUSTIFICATION
Explain why you selected these two techniques.
Show how each method can help you gather valid and reliable data.
BIASES & LIMITATIONS
Point out the possible biases, weaknesses, or problems you might face
using each technique.