Project: Road widening (1 km rural)
STEP 1
Define the project: Widen 1 km rural road to standard 2-lane with
shoulders.
Study area: Project section + 300 m approaches.
Analysis periods: Existing, opening year, 10-year
horizon.
Scenarios: Before widening, after widening, future growth.
STEP 2
Data Collection:
DPWH – official AADT and road traffic counts.
MMDA – Metro Manila traffic data.
LGUs – local traffic surveys.
JICA / UP-NCTS – research traffic studies.
On-site surveys – manual counts or counters if no data available.
Data needed:
AADT - (assuming) 8,000 veh/day
1hr Peak Traffic Count - (assuming) 960 veh/hr
Speed - 85th Percentile
Existing Capacity per Lane, C0 - 700 veh/hr
Widened Capacity per Lane C1 - 1800 veh/hr
Speed before - 30 km/hr
Speed after - 60 km/hr
Design Horizon - 10 years
Growth - 2%
Directional Split - 60%/40%
Crash History
STEP 3 Analysis
a. Peak Flows
Peak Flow = 1hr Peak Traffic Count = 960 veh/hr
Max Flow on 1 Lane = Peak Flow x Directional Split
VMax = 960 veh/hr x 0.6 = 576 veh/hr
b. V/C calculations
V/CPRE = = = 0.823 = 82.3%
V/CPOST = = = 0.320 = 32%
c. Design AADT
AADT10 years = AADT (1 + Design Horizon
AADT10 years = 8,000 veh/day (1 + 10 = 9,752 veh/day
Peak Flow 10 years = AADT10 years ()
Peak Flow 10 years = 9,752 veh/day () = 1,170 veh/hr
Vmax 10 years = 1,170 veh/hr x 0.6 = 702 veh/hr
d. V/C calculations after 10 years
V/CPRE = = = 1.003 = 100% over saturated
V/CPOST = = = 0.390 = 39%
e. LOS (Level of Service)
LOS Criteria:
LOS from solving:
STEP 4 Mitigation & recommendations
- Provide two 3.0 m lanes + 1.0–1.5 m shoulders. Follow DPWH
lane/sight-distance standards.
- Mark transitions/tapers at both ends per DPWH design
[Link] drainage & edge slope; add edge lines and signs
warning of slow/ agricultural vehicles.
- Recheck crash history; add countermeasures (rumble strips,
barriers) if head-on/run-off crashes are common.
- Monitoring: re-count peak hour and crash record 6–12 months
after opening.