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Understanding Algorithms and Problem Solving

The document outlines key concepts in problem-solving, including problem definition, logical reasoning, decomposition, and algorithm design. It discusses algorithm representation methods, iterative and recursive structures, and emphasizes the importance of efficiency and correctness in algorithm implementation. Additionally, it lists fundamental algorithms such as factorial computation and Fibonacci sequence generation.

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sandhiyakrishnan20
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4 views11 pages

Understanding Algorithms and Problem Solving

The document outlines key concepts in problem-solving, including problem definition, logical reasoning, decomposition, and algorithm design. It discusses algorithm representation methods, iterative and recursive structures, and emphasizes the importance of efficiency and correctness in algorithm implementation. Additionally, it lists fundamental algorithms such as factorial computation and Fibonacci sequence generation.

Uploaded by

sandhiyakrishnan20
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem Definition

• • Understand the problem clearly before


solving.
• • Identify Input, Process, and Output.
• Example:
• Input → two numbers
• Process → add them
• Output → display the sum.
Logical Reasoning
• • Thinking systematically to reach conclusions.
• Types:
• - Deductive: General → Specific
• - Inductive: Specific → General
Decomposition
• • Breaking large problems into smaller parts.
• Example:
• 1. Get marks
• 2. Calculate total
• 3. Compute average
• 4. Display result.
Software Design Concept of an
Algorithm
• • Algorithm = Step-by-step procedure to solve
a problem.
• Characteristics:
• - Unambiguous
• - Finite
• - Effective
• Example:
• 1. Start
• 2. Input A, B
Algorithm Representation
• • Ways to represent algorithms:
• 1. Natural language
• 2. Flowchart
• 3. Pseudocode
Algorithm Discovery
• • Process of finding or creating algorithms.
• Steps:
• 1. Understand problem
• 2. Design solution
• 3. Choose best method
• 4. Test and refine.
Iterative Structures (Loops)
• • Repeat steps until a condition is met.
• Types:
• - for loop
• - while loop
• - do-while loop
• Example:
• Sum of 5 numbers using for loop.
Recursive Structures
• • Function calling itself to solve sub-problems.
• Example:
• Factorial:
• fact(n)=1 if n=0
• fact(n)=n*fact(n-1) if n>0
Efficiency and Correctness
• • Efficiency: Time and space usage.
• • Correctness: Produces correct output for all
valid inputs.
Implementation of Algorithms
• 1. Convert algorithm to program.
• 2. Compile and run.
• 3. Test with inputs.
• 4. Debug errors.
Fundamental Algorithms
• Includes:
• 1. Exchanging values of two variables
• 2. Counting
• 3. Summation of numbers
• 4. Factorial computation
• 5. Fibonacci sequence
• 6. Reversing digits
• 7. Base conversion

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