GRAVITATION
INTRODUCTION TO PRESENTATION
TOPIC NAME:-GRAVITATION
SUBJECT :-SCIENCE (PART 1)
TEACHER:-[Link] JADHAV
SCHOOL NAME:- SHETH N.K.T.T ENGLISH MEDIUM
SCHOOL
AGENDA OF PRESENTATION
• What is gravitation.
• Centripetal force
• Kepler's law.
• Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
• Mass and Weight
• Free fall.
• Escape velocity.
WHAT IS GAVITATION
The phenomenon of the surface of a planet or other
gravitation was discovered by celestial body; gravity may also
“Sir Isaac Newton”. As the story include, in addition to
goes, he discovered the force gravitation.
by seeing an apple fall from a
tree on the ground. He
wondered why all apples fall
vertically downward and not at
an angle to the vertical.
Gravitation, also known as
gravitational attraction, is the
mutual attraction between all
masses in the universe. Gravity
is the gravitational attraction at
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
• A force that acts on a body accelerating centripetal
moving in a circular path force towards the centre.
and directed towards the
centre around which the
body is moving is called
“Centripetal force”.
• When an object travels
around a circular path with
a constant speed, it
experiences an
kepler’s laws
KEPLER’S FIRST LAW
1. The orbit of a planet is an
ellipse with the Sun at one of
the foci.
KEPLER’S SECOND LAW
2. The line joining the planet and the
Sun sweeps equal areas in equal
intervals of time.
KEPLER’S THIRD LAW
3. The square of its period of revolution around
the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of
the mean distance of a planet from the Sun.
NEWTON’S UNIVERSAL LAW OF GARVITATION
• Newton’s universal law of gravitation,
every object in the universe attracts every
other object with a definite force. This force is
directly proportional to the product of the mass
of the two objects and is inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them.
F=G
Here, G is the constant of proportionality and is called the Universal gravitational constant
The above law means that if the mass of one object is doubled, the force between the two objects also doubles.
Also, if the distance is doubled, the force decreases by a factor of 4..
SI units, the unit of G is Newton m2 kg-2. The value of G was first experimentally measured by
Henry Cavendish. In SI units its value is 6.673 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2.
MASS AND WEIGHT
MASS : Mass is the amount of matter present in the object. The
SI unit of mass is kg. Mass is a scalar quantity. Its value is
same everywhere. Its value does not change even when we go
to another planet. According to Newton’s first law, it is the
measure of the inertia of an object. Higher the mass, higher is
the inertia.
Weight: The weight of an object is defined as the force with
which the earth attracts the object. Weight being a force, its SI
unit is Newton. Also, the weight, being a force, is a vector
quantity and its direction is towards the centre of the earth. As
the value of g is not same everywhere, the weight of an object
changes from place to place, though its mass is constant
Difference between mass and
weight
Free fall
• Free fall is defined as a force or velocity.
situation in which an object • For a freely falling object, the
moves only under the velocity on reaching the earth and
the time taken for it can be
influence of gravity. calculated by using Newton’s
• An external force acts on equations of motion. For free fall,
the initial velocity u = 0 and the
the ball, which accelerates acceleration a = g.
its movement. This • For calculating the motion of an
acceleration of free fall is object thrown upwards,
acceleration is negative, i.e. in a
also known as gravitational direction opposite to the velocity
acceleration. and is taken to be = g. The
magnitude of g is the same but
• Free fall is just a downward the velocity of the object
movement with no initial decreases because of this =ve
acceleration.
ESCAPE VELOCITY
Escape velocity is the minimum
velocity required by a body to be
projected to overcome the
gravitational pull of the earth. It is
the minimum velocity required by an
object to escape the gravitational
field that is, escape the land without
ever falling back. An object that has
this velocity at the earth’s surface
Imagine a body with velocity (v) is falling freely
from a height (h) for time (t) seconds because of
gravity (g).
Free Fall Formulas are articulated
as follows:
1. h = (1/2) gt2
2. v2 = 2gh
3. v = gt