WRITING TASK 1
PROCESS
Man-made Natural
process process
Bước 1: Tìm hiểu quy trình: Xác định điểm bắt đầu và kết thúc, số giai
đoạn, thứ tự và sự liên kết giữa các giai đoạn.
Bước 2: Paraphrase lại đề bài.
Bước 3: Viết 2 câu tổng quan mô tả quy trình.
Bước 4: Xác định cách chia phần body:
•Quy trình chu kỳ khép kín: Miêu tả theo số thứ tự. (Circular process)
•Quy trình có điểm đầu và kết thúc: Miêu tả theo số hoặc các bước trong
quy trình.(Linear process)
Bước 5: Phân tích chi tiết: Chủ thể hành động, hành động, đối tượng,
mục đích, kết quả, so sánh kết quả.
Bước 6: Kiểm tra lại bài viết (cấu trúc câu, chính tả).
Structure (How to Organize Your Writing)
Paragraph What to Write
Paraphrase the question. Describe
Introduction
what the process is about.
Summarize the overall process.
Overview
Mention the beginning and the end.
Describe the first half (first few
Main Body 1
stages).
Describe the second half (remaining
Main Body 2
stages).
Analyze the
Diagram
Look for:
1. How many stages?
2. Where does it start and end?
3. Is it natural (like the water cycle) or man-
made (like making cement)?
4. Materials used?
5. Any equipment involved?
Which
type ?????
Linear or
circular
1. How many stages?
[Link] does it start and
end?
3. Is it natural (like the water
cycle) or man-made (like
making cement)?
[Link] used?
5. Any equipment involved?
Section Language for Linear Processes
1. - The diagram/process
Introduction illustrates/describes/outlines
how [product] is…….
made/produced/manufactured
- The diagram/process
outlines/illustrates the
production of making …./ the
process of producing/making …..
- The process/diagram describes the steps
involved in making/producing …..
-The diagram shows how
plastic bottles are
recycled.
- The diagram illustrates
how plastic waste is
processed into new
products.
- The process describes
how plastic bottles are
collected and
transformed.
2. Overview - Overall, there are [X] main
stages/steps in the process,
beginning with [first step] and
ending with [final step].
Beginning with /ending with + Noun
phrase/Ving
- Overall, the cyclical/linear process
involves [X] main stages, starting
with [beginning step] and finishing
- Overall, there are nine
stages in the process,
beginning with the
collection of plastic bottles
and ending with the
production of new products.
- Overall , the process
involves nine main stages,
starting with discarding
plastic bottles into recycling
bins and finishing with
producing items like clothing
and [Link] new
Key Language for Body (Linear Process)
Stage Key Language
- First, [subject + passive verb]
Starting the
- Initially, [subject + passive verb]
process
- The first step involves [verb + ing]
- Next, [subject + passive verb]
- Then, [subject + passive verb]
Continuing steps
- After this, [subject + passive verb]
- Following this, [subject + passive verb]
- At this stage, [subject + passive verb]
Middle stages
- Subsequently, [subject + passive verb]
- In the final stages, [subject + passive verb]
- Finally, [subject + passive verb]
Final stages
- Once [previous step] is complete, [subject +
passive verb]
Body 1 (Stages 1–5)
First, used plastic bottles are placed
into recycling bins by consumers. Next,
these bottles are collected and
transported by specialized trucks to a
recycling centre. After this, the
collected bottles are sorted into
recyclable and non-recyclable items.
Following this, the recyclable bottles
are compressed into large blocks to
make easier. At this stage, the
comhandlingpressed blocks are crushed
into small plastic pieces by machines.
Body 2 (Stages 6–9)
Subsequently, the crushed plastic
pieces are washed thoroughly to
remove any dirt or contamination. In
the next step, the clean plastic
fragments are processed into small
pellets. In the final stages, these pellets
are heated and melted to create raw
plastic material. Finally, this material is
used to manufacture a variety of new
products, such as plastic containers,
clothing, and shopping bags.
Passive Voice Rewrite Practice
Rewrite the sentences below into the passive voice.
Sentences for Practice:
[Link] throw plastic bottles into recycling bins.
[Link] collect the bottles and take them to the recycling
centre.
[Link] workers sort the bottles into recyclable and non-
recyclable materials.
[Link] compress the bottles into large blocks.
[Link] machines crush the blocks into small pieces.
[Link] wash the plastic pieces to remove dirt.
[Link] factory processes the clean pieces into small pellets.
[Link] machines heat and melt the pellets into raw material.
[Link] create new products from the raw material.
[Link] bottles are thrown into recycling bins.
[Link] bottles are collected and taken to the recycling centre.
[Link] bottles are sorted into recyclable and non-recyclable
materials.
[Link] bottles are compressed into large blocks.
[Link] blocks are crushed into small pieces.
[Link] plastic pieces are washed to remove dirt.
[Link] clean pieces are processed into small pellets.
[Link] pellets are heated and melted into raw material.
The diagram illustrates the process of recycling plastic bottles.
Overall, there are nine main stages involved in this procedure, beginning with collecting
plastic bottles and ending with producing final products.
First/to begin with/ initially/ at the first stage, used plastic bottles are
put/placed/disposed/discarded into recycling bins. Next, these bottles are
collected/picked up/gathered and transported/delivered by specialized trucks to a
recycling center. After this, the collected bottles are sorted/ categorized/ separated into
recyclable and non-recyclable items. Following this, the recyclable bottles are
compressed into large blocks. Subsequently, these blocks are crushed into small/tiny
plastic pieces/fragments by an industrial machine.
The resulting plastic fragments are then washed thoroughly to remove/eliminate any
dirt and contamination/ impurities. In the next/following step, the clean plastic
fragments are formed into small pellets. These pellets are then heated and melted / are
undergone heating and melting process/stage to create/produce raw plastic material.
In the final stage, this material is used/utilized to manufacture a wide range of/ a
variety of new products such as plastic containers, bottles and cothing.
Embryo /ˈembriəʊ/ – phôi, phôi thai
Tadpole /ˈtædpəʊl/ – nòng nọc Larval stage /ˈlɑːrvəl steɪdʒ/ – giai đoạn ấu trùng
Tadpole frog /ˈtædpəʊl frɒɡ/ – nòng nọc đã phát Aquatic plants /əˈkwætɪk plænts/ – thực vật thủy
triển thành ếch con sinh
Stage of pulmonary breathing /ˈpʌlmənəri Shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ – co lại, ngắn dần
ˈbriːðɪŋ/ – giai đoạn hô hấp bằng phổi Develop limbs /dɪˈveləp lɪmz/ – phát triển chi
Fertilised egg(s) /ˈfɜːrtəlaɪzd eɡ/ – trứng được (chân/tay)
thụ tinh Juvenile frog /ˈdʒuːvənaɪl frɒɡ/ – ếch non
Hatch into /hætʃ ˈɪntuː/ – nở thành Mature frog /məˈtʊr frɒɡ/ – ếch trưởng thành
Cluster of eggs /ˈklʌstər əv eɡz/ – ổ trứng, chùm Reproduce /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ – sinh sản
trứng Life cycle /ˈlaɪf saɪkl/ – chu kỳ sống
gill (n): mang Transformation /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/ – quá trình
The picture/diagram provides information about the life cycle of a frog.
Overwall, the cyclical process involves six main stages, beginning with the
reproduction of eggs and ending with the formation of adult frogs.
-> Frogs lay a cluster of fertilized eggs in water
-> develop into embryos
-> later hatch into tadpoles
-> larval stage, tadpoles remain aquatic/possess long tails –swim/for
movement & gills for respiration.
-> experience/undergo significant/remarkable transformation
-> gradually develop/grow front legs, followed by hind legs.
-> Tails shorten/become to shrink – lungs form/lungs replace gills
-> allow them to breathe air-known as the pulmonary breathing stage. ->
Tadpoles transform into/turn into juvenile frogs
-> over time, they develop/mature into adult frogs/ a fully developed adult
amphibian -tails disappear /have four limbs –leave the water – be able to
reproduce
-> the life cycle repeats /restarts
The diagram below shows the life cycle of the
honey bee.