Lecture 12
Arrays
CSE115: Computing Concepts
Introduction to Array
• In C, a group of items of the same type can be set up
using Array
• An array is a group of consecutive memory locations
related by the fact that they all have the same name
and the same type.
• The compiler must reserve storage (space) for each
element/item of a declared array.
• The size of an array is static (fixed) throughout
program execution.
• To refer to a particular location or element in the
array, we specify the name of the array (index or
subscript) and the position number of the particular
element in the array.
Array Declaration
• Array declaration is made by specifying the data type, it’s
name and the number of space (size) so that the computer
may reserve the appropriate amount of memory.
• General syntax:
data_type array_name[size];
• Examples:
• int my_array[100];
• char name[20];
• double bigval[5*200];
• int a[27], b[10], c[76];
Accessing Array Elements
Name of array
(Note that all
elements of this
• Declare array have the
• int c[12]; same name, c)
• To refer to an element, specify c[0] ?
• Array name c[1] ?
c[2] ?
• Position number c[3] ?
• Format: c[4]
c[5]
?
?
arrayname[ position number ] c[6] ?
• c[ 0 ], c[ 1 ]...c[ 11 ] c[7] ?
c[8] ?
c[9] ?
c[10] ?
c[11] ?
Position number
of the element
within array c 4
Accessing Array Elements
Name of array
(Note that all
elements of this
• Declare array have the
• int c[12]; same name, c)
• To refer to an element, specify c[0] 5
• Array name c[1] ?
c[2] ?
• Position number c[3] ?
• Format: c[4]
c[5]
?
?
arrayname[ position number ] c[6] ?
• c[ 0 ], c[ 1 ]...c[ 11 ] c[7] ?
• Example
c[8] ?
c[9] ?
• c[0] = 5; c[10] ?
c[11] ?
Position number
of the element
within array c 5
Accessing Array Elements
Name of array
(Note that all
elements of this
• Declare array have the
• int c[12]; same name, c)
• To refer to an element, specify c[0] 5
• Array name c[1] ?
c[2] -12
• Position number c[3] ?
• Format: c[4]
c[5] ?
?
arrayname[ position number ] c[6] ?
• c[ 0 ], c[ 1 ]...c[ 11 ] c[7] ?
• Example
c[8] ?
c[9] ?
• c[2] = -12; c[10] ?
c[11] ?
Position number
of the element
within array c 6
Array Initialization
• During compilation
• int n[ 5 ] = { 1, 2, 3 };
• If not enough initializers, rightmost elements become 0
• int n[ 5 ] = { 0 };
• All elements 0
• int n[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
• If size omitted, initializers determine it
• 5 initializers, therefore 5 element array
7
Array Initialization
• During execution:
• Using loop to initialize all elements to zero
int arr[3], index;
for (index = 0; index < 3; index++)
arr[index] = 0;
• Using loop and asking the user to specify the value for each
element.
int arr[3], index;
for (index = 0; index < 3; index++)
{
printf (“arr[%d]:”,index);
scanf(“%d”,&arr[index]);
} 8
Problem
• Take N numbers from the user as input, put them in an
array and output the minimum of them.
For example, if user input is
25 14 78 5 90 67 32 85
then your program’s output is
5
Problem
• Take N numbers from the user as input, put them in an
array and output the 2nd smallest of them.
For example, if user input is
25 14 78 5 90 67 32 85
then your program’s output is
14
Problem
• Take N numbers from the user as input, put them in an
array and print the number of primes present in them.
For example, if user input is
25 14 78 5 90 31 32 85
then your program’s output is
2