COMPUTER
SYSTEM,
DEVICES
AND
PERIPHERAL
What is
Computer?
an electronic machine, operating
under the control of instructions
stored in its own memory, that can
be programmed to accept data
(input), process it into useful
information (output), and store it
away in a secondary storage device
(store) for safekeeping or later
Computer system hardware
components include devices that
perform the functions of input,
processing, data storage; output
and communication. The devices
responsible for these five areas
are as follows:
Common
Computer
Hardware
Components
What are the devices of a
computer?
The physical, touchable,
electronic and mechanical
parts of a computer are
called the hardware which
is composed of different
devices attached to the
computer.
BASIC SET OF
DEVICES FOUND
IN MOST
PERSONAL
COMPUTERS
1. System Unit- The main
part of a microcomputer,
sometimes called the
chassis. It includes the
following parts:
Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory
Chips, Buses, Ports,
Expansion Slots and Cards.
2. Motherboard /
Mainboard / System Board-
The main circuit board of a
computer. It contains all the
circuits and components
that run the computer.
[Link] (Central Processing
Unit) - The processor is the
main "brain" or "heart" of a
computer system. It
performs all of the
instructions and calculations
that are needed and
manages the flow of
information through a
4. Primary storage- (internal
storage, main memory or
memory) is the computer's
working storage space that
holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data
(information) waiting to be sent
to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is a
collection of RAM chips.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory)
ROM is non-volatile, meaning it
holds data even when the power
is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access
Memory) RAM is volatile,
meaning it holds data only when
the power is on. When the power
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a
data pathway between
several hardware
components inside or
outside a computer. It does
not only connect the parts of
the CPU to each other, but
also links the CPU with other
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit
boards (also called interface
cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral
device for which it does not
have the necessary
connections or circuit boards.
They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) -
Installed in the back corner of
the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts
120vac (standard house power)
into DC voltages that are used
by other components in the PC.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also
known as hard drive, is a magnetic
storage device that is installed
inside the computer. The hard
drive is used as permanent
storage for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and
applications.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is
a storage device that uses lasers
to read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).
10. Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) - Designed
to optically access
data stored on a DVD.
A laser moves back
and forth near the disk
surface and accesses
data at a very fast
What are the
input and output
devices of a
computer?
The devices
attached to a
personal
computer can be
classified into
two- the input and
Input Device is
composed of a
device that accepts
data and
instructions from
the user or from
another computer
Output device is any
piece of computer
hardware that
displays results after
the computer has
processed the input
data that has been
entered.
Two (2) Types of
Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is
inputted to the computer
through a keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device
developed for the PC. Todays,
Keyboard types were designed
using wireless technology like
Infrared and Bluetooth that
connect into a USB port.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that d
oes not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-e
ntry devices create machine-readable
data
on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it
directly into the computer's CPU.
Three Categories
of
Direct Entry
Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input
device used to move the
pointer (cursor) on screen.
Mouse - The most common
'pointing device' used in PCs.
Every mouse has two buttons,
and most have one or two
scroll wheels.
Touch screen- A display screen
that is sensitive to the touch of
a finger or stylus. They are used
in myriad applications,
including ATMs, retail point-
ofsale terminals, car navigation,
and industrial controls. The
touch screen became wildly
popular for smartphones and
Light Pen - A light-sensitive
stylus wired to a video terminal
used to draw pictures or select
menu options. The user brings
the pen to the desired point on
screen and presses the pen
button to make contact.
Digitizer Tablet - A graphics
drawing tablet used for
sketching new images or tracing
old ones. Also called a "graphics
tablet," the user contacts the
surface of the device with a
wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a
mouse, the puck is officially the
2. Scanning Devices- A device
that can read text or
illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information
into a form the computer can
use.
3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input
devices are also known as speech or
voice recognition systems that allow
a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording,
or carrying out commands. Audio
input devices such as microphones
allow users to speak to the computer
to record a voice message or
navigate software.
2. output
devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It
displays information in visual form,
using text and graphics. The portion
of the monitor that shows the
information is called the screen or
video display terminal.
TYPES OF
MONITOR
4. Printer - A device
that prints text or
illustrations on paper.
TYPES OF
PRINTER
a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer
- spays ink at a sheet of paper.
Ink-jet printers produce high-
quality text and graphics.
B) Laser Printer - Uses the
same technology as copy
machines. Laser printers
produce very high quality text
and graphics.
) LCD and LED Printer- Similar
to a laser printer, but uses
liquid crystals or light-emitting
diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the
drum.
d) Line Printer - Contains a
chain of characters or pins
that print an entire line at one
time. Line printers are very
fast but produce a low-quality
print.
e) Thermal Printer- An
inexpensive printer that works
by pushing heated pins
against heat-sensitive paper.
Thermal printers are widely
used in calculators and fax
machines.
5. Speakers - Used to play
sound. They may be built into
the system unit or connected
with cables. Speakers allow
you to listen to music and hear
sound effects from your
computer.
WHAT IS STORAGE
DEVICE?
is any apparatus for recording
compute data in permanent or
semi-permanent form.
TYPE OF STORAGE
DEVICE
1. Floppy diskette- is random access, a
removable data storage medium that can be
used with personal computers. The term usually
refers to the magnetic medium housed in a
rigid plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick. Also called
a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44
megabytes (MB) of data.
. Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is
a non-magnetic, polished metal disk used to
store digital information. The disc is read by the
CD- ROM.
3. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - an optical disc
technology with 4.7gigabyte storage capacity
on a single-sided, one-layered disk, which is
enough for a 133-minute movie.
. Thump drive and USB flash drive- is a plug-
and-play portable storage device that uses
flash memory and is lightweight enough to
attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be used
in place of a floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.
5. Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest,
data storage device in a computer. The
operating system, software titles, and most
other files are stored in the hard disk drive.
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