Programming
Problem analyzing
In day today daily life we face lot of
problems and we will learn how to solve
the problem.
Examples
How to make cup of tea
How to make birthday cake
How to make a fruit salad
How to cook rice.
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How to wear shoes
How to dress your school uniform
Problem solving
It is easy to find a solution for a problem by
decomposing complex problem into simple
Sub-problems
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Calculate the total price for each item of
invoice
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After decompose in to small sub problem
You can easily identify what are the input ,
process and output in analyzed problem.
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After you identify the Input , Process and
Output of a problem then you can solve the
problem using suitable method.
Algorithm is such method you can use to
solve a problem.
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Algorithm
Algorithm is method which incudes all the
steps of solving a problem.
Flow Chart
Flow charts is a graphical representation of
Algorithmic steps.
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Format of Algorithm
Step [Link]
Step [Link]
Step [Link] Control Structures
Step [Link]
Step [Link]
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Flowchart Symbols
Symbol Name Function
Oval Start and End
Parallelogram Input and Output
Rectangle Process
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Flowchart Symbols
Symbol Name Function
Yes Diamond Selection(decision
making)
No
Arrow Data Flow
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Format of flowchart
Start
Input
Process
OutPut
End
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Control Structures
1)Sequence
2)Selection
3)Repetition
Sequence
Set of Actions can be taken out one after
other from top to bottom in a consecutive
order is called Sequence.
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Example 1
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Algorithm
Step 1 Start
Step 2 Finding different types of fruits
Step 3 Washing all the fruits
Step 5 Cutting fruits into small pieces
Step 6 Putting fruits into bowl
Step 7 Adding sugar and mix
Step 8 Serve the fruit salad In bowl
Step Stop
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Flowchart
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Selection
Selection decides which actions are
executed base on whether the given
condition is satisfied or not.
There are two type of Selection
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Selection
Selection decides which actions are
executed base on whether the given
condition is satisfied or not.
Example 1
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Example 2
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Example 3
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Repetition
Example 1
1st Time 1)Take a till
2)Put Money
3)is till full
4)Put money
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Repetition
2rd Time 1)Take till
2)Put Money
3)is till full
4)Put money
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Repetition
3rd Time 1)Take a till
2)Put Money
3)is till full
4)Put money
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Repetition
100th Time 1)Take a till
2)Put Money
3)is till full
4)Put money
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Repetition
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Repetition
Exsaple2
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Repetition
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Repetition
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Repetition
Executing of instruction(s) in an algorithm
repeatedly until the condition is satisfied.
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Repetition
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What is variable
Variable is used to store value in memory
temporarily
Example
A B C
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A glass is filled with Fanta
C glass is filled with Potalo
Task=Change C to A and A to C
1
A B C
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Put A into B
A B
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Put C to A
A C
A C
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Put B to C
B C
B C
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Assign Values to Variables
Rule
Variable is written left to the equal sign and
Value is written right to the equal sign
Example A=10
Variable Value
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Assign 10 to A
L R
Assign value Right to Left
A=10
0
0 10
A A
Just created After Assign Value
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C
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B=10
10
C=A + B
20 + 10 10
C B A