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DC Motor Speed Control Using PWM Techniques

The document presents a presentation on speed control of DC motors using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) by the Electronics & Communication Department of Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College. It explains the operating principles of DC motors, the necessity of speed control, and the benefits of PWM for achieving efficient and precise motor control. Additionally, it outlines methods for generating PWM signals and provides references for further reading.

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5 views10 pages

DC Motor Speed Control Using PWM Techniques

The document presents a presentation on speed control of DC motors using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) by the Electronics & Communication Department of Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College. It explains the operating principles of DC motors, the necessity of speed control, and the benefits of PWM for achieving efficient and precise motor control. Additionally, it outlines methods for generating PWM signals and provides references for further reading.

Uploaded by

dignag pakhare
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Mahavir Education Trust’s

Shah & Anchor Kutchhi Engineering College


Chembur, Mumbai-400088
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Department of
Electronics & Communication (Advanced Communication Technology)
Signals of Progress: Unleash the Power of Advanced Communications
presentatio
n on

Speed
Control of
DC motor
using
PWM
(Subject:
Control
System
(ACCOR1PC
Introduction

A motor is a class of electrical machines that converts electrical power to


mechanical power
A DC motor uses direct current for conversion of electrical energy to
mechanical energy

It is also known as Permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) machine


Stator consist of a pair of fixed permanent magnets producing a uniform and
stationary magnetic flux inside the motor and hence the name of
“permanent-magnet direct-current” (PMDC) motors
Operating principle of DC motor

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it


experiences a force/torque and has a tendency to move

This is known as motoring action

The magnitude of the force is given by F=ilB


B:magnetic field, i:current,l:length of conductor

If the direction of current in the wire is reversed, the direction of


rotation also reverses
Figure 2

When magnetic field and electric field interact they produce a


mechanical force
Equivalent circuit diagram of DC motor

 The equivalent circuit diagram of dc motor


 The mathematical expression of voltage is given by:
 Vdc = IaRa+ Ea (Using KVL)

Ia: armature current


Ra: armature resistance
Figure 4 Vdc: dc supply voltage
Ea : back emf
Why speed control of DC Motor is necessary

 The speed of the motor should never be more than rated speed

 Textile industries require a variable speed for their operation

 Therefore it is necessary to control the speed of the motor by changing the


magnetic flux

Figure 6
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

 This is an effective method to control the o/p voltage with constant frequency
 This is a modulation of pulses by varying the duty cycle
 Duty cycle (α) is a ratio of Ton /(Ton +Toff )

Figure 7

 The width of pulses (T) determines the amount of avg. voltage applied to motor
terminals.
 Height of pulse gives Average voltage
PWM Generation

There are two ways to generate pulse width modulation with


variable duty cycle

Using analog electronics


(operational amplifier, comparator and saw tooth generator)

Using digital electronics


(microprocessor and dedicated PWM controller)

Figure 8
Benefit of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

 Power efficiency : The power efficiency is very high

 Speed control behaviour : A precise speed control is achieved

 Control circuit: Since it uses electronic components it is compact

 Harmonics: It reduces the harmonics of output


Reference

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]
THANK YOU !

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