Week 4b
Course Code:Digital Logic Design
Coure Code:IFT 213
Level:200
Program: Computer Science
Course Lecturer: Assoc Prof Ageebee Silas Faki
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Mobile/Whatsapp: +2348066238988
Binary Logic
• Binary logic consists of binary variables and a set of logical operations.
• The variables are designated by letters of the alphabet, such as A, B,
C, x, y, z, etc., with each variable having two and only two distinct
possible values: 1 and 0.
• There are three basic logical operations: AND, OR, and NOT. Each
operation produces a binary result, denoted by z.
1. The AND operation:
• This operation is represented by a dot or by the absence of an operator. For example, x.y
= z or xy = z is read “x AND y is equal to z.”
• The logical operation AND is interpreted to mean that z = 1 if and only if x = 1 and y = 1;
otherwise
• z = 0.
• (Remember that x, y, and z are binary variables and can be equal either to 1 or 0, and
nothing else.)
• The result of the operation x .y is z.
2. The OR Operator:
• This operation is represented by a plus sign. For example, x + y = z is read “x OR y is
equal to z,” meaning that z = 1 if x = 1 or if y = 1 or if x = 1and y = 1.
• If both x = 0 and y = 0, then z = 0.
• 3. The NOT Operator: This operation is represented by a prime (sometimes by an
overbar). For example, x′ = z (or x = z) is read “not x is equal to z,” meaning that z is
what x is not.
• In other words, if x = 1, then z = 0, but if x = 0, then z = 1.
• The NOT operation is also referred to as the complement operation, since it changes a
1 to 0 and a 0 to 1, that is, the result of complementing 1 is 0, and vice versa.
Truth Table
A truth table is a table of all possible combinations of the variables,
showing the relation between the values that the variables may take
and the result of the operation.
Class Excersise: Do a truth table of Ayo and Mary Winning a Prize.
Logic Gates
• Logic gates are electronic circuits that operate on one or more physical input
signals to produce an output signal.
• Electrical signals such as voltages or currents exist as analog signals having
values over a given continuous range, say, 0–3 V, but in a digital system these
voltages are interpreted to be either of two recognizable values, 0 or 1.
• Voltage-operated logic circuits respond to two separate voltage levels that
represent a binary variable equal to logic 1 or logic 0.
• For example, a particular digital system may define logic 0 as a signal equal to
0 V and logic 1 as a signal equal to 3 V.
• In practice, each voltage level has an acceptable range, The input
terminals as shown
Symbols fo Digital Logic Circuits
• AND Symbol
• OR Symbor
• NOT
Examples of truth tables and their
Logic Gate
• AND Logic Gate and Truth Table
• Assumption
• 1 is euivalent to swicth is ON
• 0 is equivalent to the switch is OFF
• OR Logic Gate and Truth Table.
• NOT Logic Gate and Truth Table.
• The NOT gate with inverter is shown in Fig. This provides 1 output
when the input is 0. Similarly, it provides 0 output when the input is 1.
Aplications of Logic Gates
• There are many uses for logic gates, but they are mostly determined by their truth table or mode of
operation.
• Many electronic devices use logic gates, including safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic
watering systems, and burglar alarms activated by light.
• One main advantage is that, if the operations are improved, basic logic gates can be employed in a
variety of ways.
• Additionally, the amount of gates that can be utilized in a single device is unlimited.
• However, it may be limited due to the device’s physical space.
• Logic gate area unit arrays are found in digital integrated circuits (ICs).
Other Derived Gate
• NAND Gate
• The NAND gate expresses an AND gate and is followed by an inverter.
It consists of 2 or more input signals. This provides 0 output only
when the input is 1. It provides 1 output when the input is 0.
• NOR Gate
• The NOR gate expresses an OR gate developed by an inverter. NOR
gate consists of 2 or more input signals. It provides a 1 when the input
is 0. It provides 0 output when the input is 1.
• Exclusive – OR Gate (Ex-OR Gate)
• The Exclusive-OR (Ex-OR) gate is often called an anti-coincidence gate.
It provides only 1 output when an odd number of 1 is present.
• Exclusive – NOR Gate (Ex-NOR Gate)
• The Exclusive-NOR (Ex-NOR) gate is also called a combination gate.
• It provides only 1 output when two inputs are equal it means both
inputs are 1 or 0
End of Lecture Week 4b