PROBLEM BASED
LEARNING
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Presented by Submitted to
Md. Sifat Rahaman Niloy Md. Akhter Hossain
Exam roll: 1234 [Link] (DU), MSc PT (DU)
DU registration No: 7055 Deputy Course Coordinator,
Session: 2017-2018 Department of Physiotherapy
[Link]. in Physiotherapy Institute of Health Technology
Institute of Health Technology Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212
Mohakhali, Dhaka-1212
Introduction
Problem-based learning (PBL) is an education strategy where the student
becomes the main driver of learning and the teacher becomes a facilitator of
this learning process. The PBL process hinges on the student being able to
research a problem and come up with solutions, with the teacher guiding and
facilitating the process, but not teaching. Problem-based learning is
dependent on the student getting involved and directing own learning. The
facilitator of the PBL group is not there to give the answers, but rather to ask
pointed questions, to stimulate the students own thinking, to draw on his/her
own knowledge and to guide to the appropriate resources. PBL relies heavily
on the principles of adult learning.
Example: A 40 year old female came with moderate low back pain, radiating
to thigh and leg. She is a office worker and no history of previous trauma.
Objectives of Problem Based Learning
Foster Critical Thinking ( Analysis &
Evaluation)
Promote Collaboration
Enhance Problem-Solving Skills
Encourage Self-Directed Learning
Integrate Knowledge
Increase Motivation
Develop Communication Skills
Prepare for Lifelong Learning
Characteristics of Problem Based
Learning
There are 6 characteristics of problem based
learning, running somewhat parallel to those
objectives, such as:
Learning is student centered.
Learning occurs in small student groups.
Teachers are facilitators or guides.
Problems create the organizing focus and
stimulus for learning.
Problems are the vehicle for the
development of clinical problem solving
skills.
New information is acquired through self-
directed learning.
Stages of Problem based Learning
Role of the Facilitator in PBL
Guide and Mentor
Create a Positive Learning
Environment
Pose Challenging Questions
Monitor and Assess Progress
Encourage Reflection
Facilitate Group Dynamics
Adapt to Student Needs
Model Lifelong Learning
Benefits of Problem Based Learning
Enhanced Critical Thinking Skills
Improved Problem-Solving Abilities
Increased Motivation and
Engagement
Collaborative Skills Development
Application of Knowledge
Interdisciplinary Understanding
Preparation for Professional
Environments
Positive Impact on Attitudes towards
Learning
Disadvantages of Problem Based
Learning
Time
Performance Preparations Management
Potentially poorer performance Lack of prerequisite knowledge Time consuming assessment
on tests
Examples of Problem Based learning
Scenario I: A 45 year old man came to you with persistent low back pain for 2
years. Pain radiates down the buttock, thigh and legs. No history of trauma and
pain alleviates during daytime while working. SLR test is positive at 50 degrees.
What could be the differential diagnosis ?
Scenario 2: Mr. Hossain (age 60) is a chemical industrial worker. He has been
suffering from dyspnea & wheezing for last 3 years. X ray shows bronchial wall
thickening & pulmonary hyperinflation. Possible diagnosis?
Scenario 3: Mrs. Ruksana, 51 year old woman is a retired government officer.
Recently she noticed her menopause, pain & weakness in both knee joints. She
also complains of restricted painful movement of both hip. Her BMDT score -2.5.
what could be the possible diagnosis?
Examples of Problem Based learning
Scenario 4: 65 Year old Mr. x presented with abnormal rhythmic
movement of upper & lower limbs since 1 year, it started on the distal part
of both upper limbs simultaneously. It was noticed more during rest that
got aggravated during movement. Patient also gives history of difficulty in
walking in the form of difficulty in initiation & once he starts walking, he
stoops forward with small & fast steps. What is your suspected diagnosis?
Scenario 5: A 50 year old man with h/o hypertension & hyperlipidemia
presented to a emergency center with sudden onset of weakness on the
right side. On examination, he has global aphasia, right facial droop,
dysarthria & right hemiplegia. Head Ct showed only equivocal hypodensity
in the left middle cerebral artery territory, angiography showed a left
middle cerebral artery occlusion. Possible diagnosis ?
Conclusion
In conclusion, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) stands
as a dynamic and transformative approach that
transcends traditional educational methods. As we've
explored, PBL engages students in authentic, real-
world problem-solving, fostering not only a deep
understanding of subject matter but also a host of
invaluable skills.
As we envision the future of education, let us
continue to integrate Problem-Based Learning into
our pedagogical practices, creating a rich and
transformative learning experience that empowers
students to thrive in a world where adaptability,
creativity, and problem-solving skills are paramount.