BUSINESS ANALYTICS

MODULE 1
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE, ANALYTICS,DATA SCIENCE AND
AI
 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

• What is business intelligence?

• Business intelligence (BI) refers to the use of technology, tools, and
processes to collect, analyze, and present business data for
informed decision-making. It transforms raw data into meaningful
insights, helping you to quickly identify trends, resolve problems,
and grow revenue.
• Modern BI tools leverage artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning to automate analysis, unearth hidden patterns, and predict
future trends, empowering you to make informed decisions faster.
 BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

• How business intelligence works

• The traditional BI process required a lot of heavy lifting in terms of
coding and manual analysis. Today’s top tools incorporate AI to
enhance each aspect of business intelligence by automating
processes, improving accuracy and efficiency, enabling advanced
techniques, and generating insights and recommended actions.
HOW BUSINESS INTELLIEGNECE WORKS?
 HOW BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE WORKS

• Let’s walk through the diagram above.

• Data is sourced from operational systems such as transactional, supply chain, and CRM
applications. This can be historical data or real-time streaming data.
• This data is extracted, transformed, and combined into a repository such as a data warehouse or
data lake, typically in the cloud. This data integration process gives you a comprehensive, unified
view of your business and facilitates efficient data retrieval and analysis for BI purposes.
• AI algorithms in modern BI improve the efficiency and accuracy of data preparation by analyzing large
volumes of data to detect errors.

• Modern BI software makes it easy for you to use this data to perform different types of data
analysis (sometimes referred to as business analytics), for example:
• Find hidden patterns, trends, and valuable insights from large datasets through data mining and
exploration.
 HOW BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE WORKS?

• Create interactive visualizations and dashboards which help you identify patterns and
develop insights.
• Build custom machine learning models without extensive training by leveraging
AutoML.
• Chat with your BI tool and get immediate and understandable responses.
• Use prescriptive and predictive analytics to make predictions about future outcomes.

• As before, the outputs are actionable insights to improve your business

operations. But now, many of these insights, and even prescribed actions, are
provided to you by AI. Plus, your BI software can be integrated into other
systems and trigger alerts and actions automatically.
 BENEFITS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Benefits of business intelligence

• According to BARC’s BI Survey, the top benefits of business intelligence software
are improved data quality and faster, more accurate planning, data analysis and
reporting. But how do these translate to real business value?
• Here are the five key ways BI can deliver value within your organization:
• Informed Decision-Making: BI provides timely and accurate insights, enabling you
to make informed business decisions based on a thorough understanding of your
data.
• Improved Operational Efficiency: BI tools help streamline business processes by
identifying inefficiencies, optimizing workflows, and facilitating data-driven
improvements in operational efficiency.
 BENEFITS OF BI

• capabilities, helping you to comprehend complex information through

interactive dashboards, charts, and graphs.
• Strategic Planning: BI supports strategic planning by providing a
comprehensive view of key performance indicators (KPIs), market
trends, and competitive intelligence, enabling you to align your
strategies with business goals.
• Competitive Advantage: By leveraging BI, organizations gain a
competitive edge through quicker access to relevant information,
proactive decision-making, and a better understanding of market
dynamics, customer behavior, and industry trends.
FINANCE
SALES PERFORMANCE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML)
• Now an essential part of business intelligence, AI and ML quickly
process massive volumes of data to suggest relevant insights,
automate processes, and let you interact conversationally.
AI analytics complements human intelligence and increases data
literacy so more users can get value from their data. And advanced
Natural Language Generation (NLG) tools, enriched with machine
learning capabilities, offer in-depth answers to complex queries.
 SELF SERVICE BI

• . Self-service BI
• Gone are the days when you had to wait
days or weeks for data scientists or data
analysts to build reports. Self-service
tools let you easily explore data and
make discoveries using natural language
search and interactive selections and
create your own visual analytics with
simple drag-and-drop tools. And AI is
making these processes easier than
ever.
 DATA VISUALIZATION

• 3. Data visualization
• The ability to explore and interact
with data makes it easier for you to
explore, discover patterns, and gain
insights from data. Interactive BI
dashboards make data even more
actionable, revealing the shape of
the data, highlighting outliers and
trends, and putting data in the ideal
context to answer any question.
 CUSTOM AND EMBEDDED BI

• 4. Custom & embedded BI

• Embedding BI into applications like
CRMs and ERPs helps people find
insights and deliver value faster, right
where they work. BI technology that
offers open APIs and developer tools
lets you embed analytics, build custom
BI apps, and create visualizations and
extensions to address the ever-growing
demands for insights.
 MOBILE BI

• 5. Mobile BI
• Work happens everywhere today. And
to do your best work, you need access
to BI insights whenever and wherever
decisions are made. Mobile business
intelligence lets you create and
explore business analytics and
collaborate using any device. The best
mobile BI solutions support interactive
analytics even when you’re offline.
 BI REPORTING

• 6. BI Reporting
• While BI reporting is one of the most
traditional forms of business intelligence,
it remains an essential BI capability.
While many second generation BI tools
don’t offer reporting, some offer highly
flexible, modern reporting capabilities.
This includes drag-and-drop report
creation and formatting, pixel perfect
output in popular formats and flexible
automated delivery.
 DATA INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT

• Data integration and data management

• The most successful BI initiatives combine a smart business analytics strategy with an
effective data strategy. Unstructured, raw data only gains value when it can be transformed
into highly accessible, analytics-ready information. This often begins by moving source data
(ERP, CRM, etc.) into a central repository like a data lake or data warehouse. Data connectors
in the analytics system load big data from these repositories as well as specific applications
and files so it can be prepared for use. This can be slow and tedious, requiring data experts
which can create bottlenecks at scale. However, innovative data replication and
data migration technologies can automate the integration process. In addition, governed data
catalogs that profile and document every data source let you and other users easily access,
create, and share data sets on your own, combining any data you need to analyze.
DATA INTEGRATION AND DATA
MANAGEMENT
 ANALYTICS

What is analytics?
Business analytics focuses on the business implications of data – and the
decisions and actions that should be taken as a result.
A basic definition of analytics
Analytics is a field of computer science that uses math, statistics, and machine
learning to find meaningful patterns in data. Analytics – or data analytics –
involves sifting through massive data sets to discover, interpret, and share new
insights and knowledge.
 BUSINESS ANALYTICS

What is business analytics?

Very simply put, business analytics is analytics applied to business data. It focuses on the
business implications of data – and the decisions and actions that should be taken as a result.
The importance of business analytics
Today, the use of business analytics software is often the deciding factor distinguishing industry
winners from losers. Leading companies use analytics to monitor and optimize every aspect of
their operations – from marketing to supply chain – in real time. They rely on analytics to help
them make fast, data-driven decisions, grow revenue, establish new business models, provide
five-star customer experiences, empower employees, gain a competitive edge, and so much
more. Companies without analytics – or without good analytics – are left to make decisions and
do business based on gut instinct and experience alone.
FOUR TYPES OF ANALYTICS
 TYPES OF ANALYTICS

The four types of analytics based on value and complexity

• Descriptive analytics Descriptive analytics answers the question “What happened?”. This simple form of analytics uses basic math, such
as averages and percent changes, to show what has already happened in a business. Descriptive analytics, also called traditional
business intelligence (BI), is the first step in the analytics process, creating a jumping-off point for further investigation.

• Diagnostic analytics Diagnostic analytics answers the question “Why did something happen?”. It takes descriptive analytics a step
further, using techniques such as data discovery, drill-down, and correlations to dive deeper into data and identify the root causes of events
and behaviors.

• Predictive analytics Predictive analytics answers the question “What is likely to happen in the future?”. This branch of advanced
analytics uses findings from descriptive and diagnostic analytics – along with sophisticated predictive modeling, machine learning, and
deep learning techniques – to predict what will happen next.

• Prescriptive analytics Prescriptive analytics answers the question “What action should we take?”. This state-of-the-art type of analytics
builds on findings from descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive analytics and uses highly advanced tools and techniques to assess the
consequences of possible decisions and determine the best course of action in a scenario.
 COMMON COMPONENTS OF BUSINESS
ANALYTICS

Common components of business analytics

• Business analytics is a broad field with many different components and tools. Some of the most
common ones include:
• Data aggregation: Before data can be analyzed, it must be collected from many different sources,
organized, and cleaned up. A solid data management strategy and modern data warehouse are
essential for analytics.
• Data mining: Data mining uses statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms to sift through
large databases, analyze data from multiple angles, and identify previously unknown trends, patterns,
and relationships.
• Big Data analytics: Big Data analytics uses advanced techniques – including data mining, predictive
analytics, and machine learning – to analyze massive sets of structured and unstructured data in
databases, data warehouses, and Hadoop systems.
• Text mining: Text mining explores unstructured text data sets such as documents, e-mails, social
media posts, blog comments, call center scripts, and other text-based sources for qualitative and
quantitative analysis.
• Forecasting and predictive analytics: Forecasting uses historical data to make estimates about
future outcomes, and predictive analytics uses advanced techniques to determine the likelihood
these outcomes will occur.
• Simulation and what-if analysis: Once forecasts and predictions have been created, simulation
and what-if analysis can test out different scenarios and optimize potential decisions before they’re
made.
• Data visualization and storytelling: Data visualizations – like charts and graphs – provide an
easy way to understand and communicate trends, outliers, and patterns in data. These
visualizations can be strung together to tell a bigger data story and guide decision-making.
 EXAMPLES OF ANALYTICS

• Analytics is used by businesses of all sizes, in all industries – from retail and
healthcare to sports. Many analytics solutions are tailored to an industry, or to a
specific purpose or line of business. Here are just a few examples of analytics today.
Financial analytics
• Traditionally, financial analytics was used for generating a standard set of reports.
But now that finance has taken on a more strategic role with the business, financial
analytics has evolved – combining financial and operational data with external data
sources to address a wide range of business questions. These include everything
from “Are we investing in the right opportunities?” to “How will our future margins
be affected by the decisions we’re making today?”
Marketing analytics
• Marketing analytics connects data from multiple channels – social media,
Web, e-mail, mobile, and more – to give marketers comprehensive insight
into how their programs are performing. Users can mine millions of rows of
data to improve the effectiveness of campaigns, hyper-personalize marketing
messages, analyze sentiment on social media, target potential customers at
exactly the right time, and much more.
•
Supply chain analytics
• The explosion of e-commerce, increased market volatility, globalization, and
other forces have made supply chains incredibly complex. Supply chain
analytics helps organizations avoid disruption, keep goods flowing, and
improve supply chain resilience and agility. They use real-time data from a
wide variety of sources – including Internet of Things sensors – to optimize
everything from sourcing, production, and inventory to transportation and
logistics.
 CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS

Modern businesses operate in a fast-paced, complex, and uncertain world. Key

factors driving this change include:
• Globalization → Companies compete internationally, manage global supply chains,
and deal with diverse markets.
• Digital Transformation → Cloud computing, IoT, AI, and automation are reshaping
how businesses operate.
• Big Data Explosion → Massive volumes of structured and unstructured data from
social media, sensors, transactions, etc.
• Customer Expectations → Consumers demand personalized experiences, faster
service, and higher quality.
 CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

• Economic & Political Shifts → Trade policies, inflation, and geopolitical

tensions affect operations.
• Sustainability & ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) → Pressure
for green business practices.
• Uncertainty & Risk → Pandemics, cybersecurity threats, and market
volatility increase unpredictability.
 WHY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS ARE
CHANGING 🌍
• Technological acceleration: Cloud computing, IoT, edge computing, and real-time streaming
have empowered businesses with vast and fast data from diverse sources
Harvard Business School Online+15Acceldata+15Scribd+15.
• Market volatility & globalization: Shifting trade policies, geopolitical risks, and demographic
trends require faster, data-driven, flexible decision models
Wikipedia+2The Australian+2Wikipedia+2.
• Heightened stakeholder expectations: Sustainability, personalization, regulatory reporting,
and ESG concerns demand analytics beyond traditional finance metrics The Australian.
• Competitive pressure from data-driven peers: Organizations adopting real‑time analytics
and AI gain substantial performance benefits—sometimes being 3× more successful than peers
 EVOLUTION OF DECISION SUPPORT

• From DSS to BI to Analytics: Business intelligence evolved from classic

decision support systems (DSS) into modern analytics. As data volumes and
complexity grew, descriptive reporting gave way to predictive and
prescriptive models Scribd+1CourseSidekick+1.
• Changing Business Environment Model: Increased computational
capacity, group collaboration tools, data warehousing, cognitive limits, and
anywhere-anytime access have driven adoption of analytics systems
[Link]+2Scribd+2CourseSidekick+2.
 EMERGING ANALYTICS CAPABILITIES

• Augmented Analytics: This discipline employs machine learning and natural language
generation to automate insights and enable self-service analytics by non-experts Wikipedia.
• AutoML: Automated model building frees up scarce data science talent, enabling faster
prototyping across departments arXiv.
• Embedded Analytics: Delivering insights directly inside operational applications
(dashboards, portals), removing friction between apps and BI tools Wikipedia.
• Hybrid Transaction/Analytical Processing (HTAP): Enables analytics on live
transactional systems to support “in‑business real time” decisions Wikipedia.
• Geographic Analytics: Prescriptive spatial analytics to guide location, logistics, and
marketing decisions based on map‑based insights Wikipedia
 CORE BUSINESS DRIVERS

• Operational Agility: Access to near real‑time decision-making accelerates

response times in logistics, finance, and customer service AcceldataDeloitte
Insights.
• ROI Accountability: 97% of analysts now use AI and 87% automation—tools
which enable measurable tracking of cost/time savings and improved
reporting efficiency [Link]+[Link]+1.
• Sustainability & Risk Management: AI-enabled analytics helps businesses
optimize supply chains, forecast climate impact, and improve regulatory
compliance [Link].
 BENEFITS & BUSINESS OUTCOMES

• Faster, More Accurate Decisions: AI, rules engines, and predictive models
improve precision and consistency in decision-making Wikipedia.
• Cost and Risk Reduction: Analytics-driven automation minimizes manual
effort and unexpected errors across operations.
• Scalable Decision Logic: Rule-based systems paired with analytics let
business users update logic directly—reducing reliance on IT and
encouraging agility Wikipedia.
• Data Democratization: Wider access to analytics tools encourages insight
generation across roles, not just data scientists WikipediaPyramid Analytics
 RECOMMENDED FOCUS AREAS FOR
BUSINESSES
• Invest in real‑time and cloud BI platforms to enable agile decisions Acceldata.
• Adopt augmented analytics & AutoML to scale analytic adoption across non-technical
users.
• Embed analytics within operational workflows instead of isolating BI in separate
dashboards.
• Adopt hybrid transactional‑analytic systems where analytics and operations converge.
• Use geographic analytics when optimization decisions depend on location or spatial
variables.
• Define measurable ROI metrics (like cost/time saved, reduction in errors) to justify
investment in analytics & automation Wikipedia
CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
NEEDS FOR DECISION SUPPORT
 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

• Decision Support System (DSS) is a real-time decision-making tool where

data, models, and software are used in partnership with individuals to
generate efficient solutions. It combines numerous data inputs and offers
methodological approaches to evaluation, modelling and display of the
information to facilitate decision-making in case of the system’s challenging
issues. DSS facilitates semi-structured and unstructured decision-making and
can improve the quality, speed and efficiency of the decisions since new
information. Prognoses that would be hard to produce manually are available.
 NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

• Improving Decision Quality: DSS assists in improving the quality of the

decision based on information and analysis that is accurate, comprehensive,
pertinent, and timely, therefore making better decisions possible.
• Handling Complex Problems: This analytic resource is helpful when dealing
with assignments that are structured and unstructured since other approaches
may not be efficient in handling these issues by the application of analytical
and modelling instruments.
• Facilitating Rapid Decision Making: DSS facilitates speedy implementation
of the decision by first automating the process of data collection and analysis.
 NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT

• Supporting Strategic Planning: Strategic support is well provided by DSS

since all organisations need to make long-run forecasts and planning and for
this, DSS offers tools in the form of scenarios, forecasts, and simulations.
• Enhancing Efficiency: DSS reduces the time and efforts needed to amaze
the decision information, assemble data and analyze it, thus enhancing
organizational productivity at the operation stage.
• Encouraging Collaboration: As has been seen many DSSs make it possible
to make collaborative decisions this makes it possible for many people to
share information and come up with agreed decisions.
 NEED FOR DECISION SUPPORT

• Providing Customizable Solutions: DSS is flexible in a way that it can be

designed for an organization to suit the variance needs of the users or
departments, hence the solutions developed will fit the organization’s needs
in the particular context.
• Reducing Uncertainty: DSS can be categorized to provide complete
prognosis data and thereby contribute towards the decrease of risk in the
decision-making maximising the decision-maker’s confidence level.
WHAT IS DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS?

• Decision Support Analytics (DSA) refers to a combination of data analysis

tools, technologies, and methodologies that help organizations make
informed decisions based on data. At its core, DSA integrates various forms
of data processing – such as descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive
analytics – into a cohesive framework that allows decision-makers to assess
multiple scenarios, forecast outcomes, and strategize accordingly.
ELEMENTS OF DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS:

• Data Collection: Gathering data from various sources, including

transactional systems, social media, IoT devices, and external databases.
• Data Processing and Analysis: Using analytics tools and algorithms to
process, clean, and transform raw data into usable insights.
• Visualization and Reporting: Presenting complex data in an easy-to-
understand format, often through dashboards, charts, and reports.
• Modeling and Simulation: Applying advanced techniques like machine
learning and statistical modeling to predict future outcomes and recommend
optimal solutions.
 DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS

Operations Management
• Organizations rely on operational efficiency to reduce costs and enhance
productivity. DSA can monitor performance metrics, optimize supply chains,
manage inventory, and predict potential disruptions. For example, in the
manufacturing industry, predictive analytics can anticipate machinery
failures, enabling proactive maintenance and minimizing downtime
 DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS

2. Financial Planning and Analysis

• In finance, decision support analytics helps optimize cash flow management,
risk assessment, and forecasting. It aids in portfolio management by
analyzing market trends, customer behavior, and economic indicators to
predict investment opportunities. This analytical approach to financial
planning empowers CFOs and finance teams to make informed budgetary
and investment decisions while mitigating risk.
 DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS

• 4. Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

• DSA plays a critical role in enhancing customer experience. By analyzing customer
interactions, feedback, and purchase patterns, companies can better understand customer
needs, preferences, and pain points. These insights help businesses build more personalized
customer journeys, improve retention, and increase customer satisfaction.
• 5. Human Resources (HR)
• HR teams use DSA for workforce analytics, predicting employee turnover, identifying skill
gaps, and improving recruitment processes. Predictive analytics can forecast staffing needs
based on historical data, allowing HR managers to plan for hiring and training more
effectively. Additionally, prescriptive analytics can suggest strategies to enhance employee
engagement and productivity.
DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS BENEFITS
DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS BENEFITS

• 1. Data-Driven Decision Making

• DSA enables businesses to base their decisions on data rather than intuition or guesswork.
With access to real-time data and advanced analytical tools, decision-makers can evaluate
various scenarios, understand the potential impact of their choices, and make informed
decisions that align with business objectives.
• 2. Improved Efficiency and Productivity
• By automating data collection, processing, and analysis, DSA reduces the manual effort
required for decision-making. This automation leads to faster decision cycles and improved
productivity, allowing teams to focus on more strategic tasks. Furthermore, data
visualization tools present complex data in easy-to-digest formats, facilitating quicker
understanding and action.
DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS BENEFITS

• 3. Increased Agility
• In rapidly changing markets, the ability to adapt quickly is a critical competitive advantage. DSA
provides businesses with the agility to respond to market changes, customer demands, or
operational challenges in real-time. Predictive analytics helps forecast changes, while
prescriptive analytics suggests optimal responses, enabling businesses to pivot their strategies
as needed.
• 4. Risk Mitigation
• Decision support analytics allows organizations to anticipate potential risks and challenges. By
analyzing historical data, identifying trends, and predicting outcomes, businesses can take
preventive measures before problems escalate. For instance, financial institutions use predictive
analytics to detect fraud, while manufacturers use it to foresee supply chain disruptions.
DECISION SUPPORT ANALYTICS BENEFITS

5. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction

With customer analytics, businesses can gain a deeper understanding of
their customers’ needs and preferences. By delivering personalized
experiences and products, companies can build stronger relationships, foster
brand loyalty, and improve customer retention.
 COMPUTERIZED DECISION SUPPORT
SYSTEM
• Computerized Decision Support Framework is a structured model that
helps managers and decision-makers use computer-based tools, data, and
models to improve decision quality.
It combines data, models, and user-friendly interfaces to support semi-
structured or unstructured decision-making.
🔹 Main Parts
Data
Collects information from inside
(company records) and outside
(market, competitors).
Data Management
Stores and organizes data so it can be
used easily.
Model Management
Uses mathematical/statistical models,
AI, and simulations to analyze data.
Knowledge Management
Adds expert knowledge, rules, and
business logic.
User Interface
Dashboards, charts, reports – makes it
easy for managers to interact with the
system.
Decision Maker
The human manager uses the
system’s insights to make the final
decision.
 COMPUTERISED DECISION MAKING

HOW IT WORKS?
• Collect data 📊
• Process data with models 🔍
• Apply expert rules/knowledge 🧠
• Show results in dashboards 📈
• Decision maker chooses best option ✅
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 Evolution Summary
• Computerized DSS (1960s–80s): Reports & basic models.
• BI (1980s–2000s): Dashboards & data warehouses.
• Analytics (2000s–2010s): Predictive & prescriptive insights.
• Data Science (2010s–Now): ML/AI-powered intelligent decisions.
• Future: AI-driven autonomous decision-making.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 1. Early Stage – Computerized Decision Support (1960s–1980s)
• Focus: Supporting managers in making semi-structured decisions.
• Technology: Mainframes, early databases, Management Information
Systems (MIS).
• Tools: Basic reports, spreadsheets, rule-based expert systems.
• Limitations: Limited to structured data, small storage, no real-time
processing.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 2. Decision Support Systems (DSS) & Business Intelligence (1980s–
2000s)
• Focus: Better integration of data and models for business use.
• Technology: Relational databases, data warehouses, OLAP (Online
Analytical Processing).
• Tools: Dashboards, query tools, reporting systems.
• Advances: Visualization of data, trend analysis, drill-down reports.
• Goal: Help managers understand what happened (descriptive analytics).
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 3. Advanced Analytics (2000s–2010s)
• Focus: Going beyond reporting to predictive and prescriptive analytics.
• Technology: Big data platforms (Hadoop, Spark), cloud computing.
• Tools: Predictive modeling, optimization, simulation, statistical analysis.
• Advances: Handling large, unstructured data (text, images, social media).
• Goal: Answer what will happen? and what should we do?
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 4. Data Science & AI Era (2010s–Present)
• Focus: Data-driven decision-making with machine learning & AI.
• Technology: AI/ML, deep learning, IoT, cloud & edge computing.
• Tools: Python, R, TensorFlow, PyTorch, advanced visualization tools.
• Advances: Real-time analytics, personalization, automation of decisions.
• Goal: Continuous learning systems that provide insights + intelligent
automation.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERIZED DECISION
SUPPORT TO ANALYTICS/DATA SCIENCE
🔹 5. Current & Future (2020s → )
• Focus: Augmented intelligence, human + AI collaboration.
• Technology: Generative AI, conversational analytics, autonomous decision
systems.
• Goal: Move from decision support → decision augmentation → autonomous
decisions.
BI FRAMEWORK
 BI FRAMEWORK

1. Strategic Planning and Goal Definition:

• Define Business Goals: Identify specific problems to solve or opportunities to capitalize on
to provide a strategic direction for the BI initiative.
• Identify Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Establish metrics to measure progress and
success against the defined goals.
2. Data Management & Infrastructure:
• Assess Current Data Landscape: Inventory existing data sources, including databases,
legacy systems, and cloud applications.
• Select Tools and Technologies: Choose the appropriate technology stack, including ETL
tools, data warehouses, and analytics platforms.
 BI FRAMEWORK

• Data Warehousing & ETL: Design and build a data warehouse to consolidate and store
data from various sources. ETL processes are used to extract data, transform it into a
usable format, and load it into the warehouse.
• Data Models: Develop data models, such as star schemas, to structure the
consolidated data for analysis.
3. Analysis and Reporting:
• Build Reports and Dashboards: Create various visualizations, dashboards, and reports
to present data to users.
• Implement Analytical Tools: Utilize tools like On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) and
data mining algorithms to analyze data, identify patterns, and make projections.
 BI FRAMEWORK

4. Deployment and User Enablement:

• Deploy and Monitor: Implement the BI solution and continuously monitor its
performance.
• User Training: Provide training and support to ensure users can effectively
leverage the BI tools and insights.
 BI FRAMEWORK

Benefits of a BI Framework
• Improved Decision-Making: Provides timely and relevant information for strategic and
operational decisions.
• Performance Tracking: Enables organizations to track and measure performance against
KPIs.
• Process Optimization: Identifies bottlenecks and inefficiencies in business processes.
• Opportunity Identification: Helps uncover new revenue streams and market opportunities.
• Enhanced Strategic Planning: Supports more informed and data-driven strategic planning.
 ANALYTICS OVERVIEW

• An analytics overview provides a summary of meaningful patterns, trends,

and insights discovered from raw data to support informed decision-making. It
uses statistics, computer science, and machine learning to interpret large
datasets, enabling organizations to understand performance, predict
outcomes, and optimize processes for growth, such as improving customer
experiences, increasing sales, and reducing costs. An analytics overview is a
high-level view of these findings, often presented through visualizations like
charts and graphs.
 ANALYTICS OVERVIEW

Key aspects of an analytics overview

Discovery of patterns:
• Analytics identifies patterns, trends, and relationships within complex datasets that might otherwise be
missed.
Insight generation:
• The process transforms raw data into valuable, actionable information that helps answer questions and
understand business operations.
Informed decision-making:
• Insights derived from data analysis help organizations make strategic decisions that lead to improved
performance and business outcomes.
 ANALYTICS OVERVIEW

Predictive and prescriptive capabilities:

• Modern analytics goes beyond descriptive reporting to make predictions about future outcomes and offer
recommendations on what actions to take.
Data visualization:
• Key findings are often communicated using visual tools like dashboards, tables, and graphs for easier
interpretation and sharing
 WHY ANALYTICS IS IMPORTANT
Why analytics is important
Problem-solving:
• It helps businesses pinpoint issues and address challenges by providing a deeper understanding of their
processes.
Performance optimization:
• Organizations can optimize operations, improve products, and enhance customer experiences based on data-
driven insights.
Strategic advantages:
• By understanding key performance indicators and trends, companies can make more informed choices
about resource allocation, marketing, and sales strategies.
Increased efficiency:
• Analytics can identify areas for improvement, leading to more efficient processes and increased overall
productivity
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - CONCEPTS,
DRIVERS, MAJOR TECHNOLOGIES, AND
BUSINESS APPLICATIONS:
Concepts
Human-like Intelligence:
• AI aims to create intelligent machines that can simulate human cognitive abilities, including
learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Data-Driven Learning:
• AI systems learn and improve from data, recognizing patterns and making decisions with
increasing accuracy and autonomy.
Transformation:
• AI is a transformative technology that reshapes how businesses operate by automating
tasks, improving efficiency, and enabling new capabilities.
 CONCEPTS OF AI

Big Data:
• The availability of massive datasets provides the raw material for AI models to
learn and develop sophisticated capabilities.
Advanced Algorithms:
• Progress in ML and DL algorithms allows for more complex pattern recognition and
predictive modeling.
Increased Computing Power:
• Greater processing power from modern hardware enables the training of large and
complex AI models.
 MAJOR TECHNOLOGIES

Major Technologies
Machine Learning (ML):
• Allows systems to learn from data without explicit programming, identifying patterns and making
predictions.
Deep Learning (DL):
• A subset of ML that uses multi-layered neural networks to process complex data, enabling
advanced tasks like image and speech recognition.
Natural Language Processing (NLP):
• Enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language, powering virtual
assistants and chatbots.
Computer Vision:
• Allows machines to "see" and interpret visual information from the world, crucial for self-driving
cars and security systems.
 BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

Automation:
• Automating routine tasks, improving productivity and efficiency in operations.

Personalization:
• Providing customized customer experiences, such as personalized
recommendations on e-commerce platforms.
Decision Support:
• Generating insights and data-driven recommendations to improve strategic
and operational decision-making.
 BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

Risk Management:
• Detecting fraud in financial institutions and managing risks in various
sectors.
Healthcare:
• Assisting with medical diagnosis, improving treatment plans, and enhancing
operational efficiency.
Autonomous Systems:
• Powering self-driving cars and autonomous robots on assembly lines.