Contents of the chapter

Chapter One: Definition and characterization of education

1. Meaning of Education
2. Purposes of Education
3. Types of Education
 1.1 Meaning of Education

A. ETYMOLOGICAL MEANING(study of origin &history)

• Educare means to lead out.
• Educere means to educate or to bring up.
• E means out of and duco means I lead out of i.e., educo
means I lead out of (ignorance).
• Thus, education means to lead out or to bring up or to
raise (to move to a higher level)
 Meaning of Education…
B. Meanings given by different scholars
 Different people define education differently. Why?
 Experiences
Level of knowledge
Philosophy (study of the universe and
human life)
 Set of belief resulted from search for k/ge
Some of the meanings include:
 Meaning of Education…
Gandihiji: an all round drawing out of what is best in the
child body, mind and spirit.
• Nunn: Complete development of individuals. Nehruji:
Enabling the individual to be a producer as well as a good
citizen.
• Socrates : the bringing out of the ideas of universal
validity which are latent in the mind of every man.
• Plato : the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right
moment.
• In develops in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the
beauty and all the perfection which he is capable of.
 Meaning of Education…
 Aristotle : the creation of a sound mind in a sound body
 Rousseau : ‘Education of man comments at his birth;
before he can speak, before he can understand he in
already instructed [ taught]
 Herbert Spencer: “Education is complete living”.
 Conclusion on Meaning of Education
 Narrow Sense:
Is process of teaching, Training and learning to improve
knowledge and skill and attitude
It is a systematic process through which a child or an adult
acquires knowledge, experience, skill and sound attitude.
This approach restricts the meaning of education to schools
and colleges.
Broad Sense
 The sum total of all the human experiences which we
have from birth to death i.e., womb to tomb (grave)
 Education is the process of empowering the
individual so as to enrich himself and the society
 1.2 Purposes of Education
 Education is a foundation for the development and progress of any
society.
base upon which the whole building of human
development stands.
 makes an individual civilized, refined, cultured and educated .
 Its goal is to make an individual perfect
 cure for all evils It is the key to solve the various problems of life
 It encourages us to distinguish between right and wrong
 Purposes of Education…
Generally,
1. Global impact of education
Education can leave the long-lasting impact on global
development.
 An educated person always works for the benefits of humanity.
for promoting the world outlook.
2. Education promotes the national interest
The educated persons work for the betterment of the
country
3. Level of moral and ethical values
Education promotes equality of prospect
 Purposes of Education…
4. Vital role in the development of countries
Education is a central cohesive source of support
and stability in the development of countries.
5. Increase in literacy rate
6. Freshness of approach
Education should bring out the best in the student. It should
be able to bring new ideas and concepts.
The education system should be innovatively coped with the
latest technology and it should benefit all the learners or
students equally.
 Purposes of Education…
7. Education enhances creativity
8. Education produces good citizens
Education produced the civilized and well-
organized persons. The educated persons
incorporate good ideas and ultimately go for
betterment in life.
9. Awareness of rights and responsibilities
The educated person is well aware of his rights
and responsibilities. Moreover, he/she can raise
voice against some wrong happening around
his/her.
 Purposes of Education…
10. Curiosity for learning new things
An educated person has the curiosity for learning
new things in life, ultimately it becomes the passion
to know and understand things in a scientific way,
having objectivity.
11. Wisdom level
The educational institutions should try to arouse
intellectual curiosity, the appetite for more learning
and development of critical spirit which brings the
soundness and wisdom.
12. Character of an individual
Education also helps in building the character of a
person
 Purposes of Education…
13. Balance in life
it makes us smart enough to learn how to live life and handle
bad situations
14. Earn livelihood
Education enables a person to earn a livelihood.
15. Helpful in future research
Education has importance in research work.
Therefore, the role of education is countless for a perfect
society and man. It is necessary for every society and
nation to bring holistic happiness and prosperity to its
individuals.
Education is the ultimate pathway of success
 1.3 Types of Education
There are three main types of education:
1. Formal,
2. Informal and
3. Non-formal.
[Link] Education
It corresponds to the education process normally adopted by our
schools and universities.
systematic, organized, structured and
administered according to a given set of laws
planned and deliberate
 [Link] Education
Has rigid curriculum:
 objectives,
 content and
 methodology.
Necessarily involves:
the teacher
the students and
the institution.
Students are expected to physically attend classroom
It provides certification
 Formal Education…
It requires strict discipline.
Examples of Formal Education
Learning in a classroom
School college, and university degrees
 Advantages of Formal education

organized educational model &up to date contents.

knowledge acquire from trained and professional
teachers.
Structured and systematic learning process.
Intermediate and final assessments are ensured to advance
students to the next learning phase.
Institution are managerially and physically organized.
Leads to a formally recognized certificate.
Easy access to jobs????.
 Disadvantages of Formal education:
brilliant students are bored due to long wait for expiry of the
academic session to promote to the next stage
Chance of bad habits’ adoption may be alarming due to the presence
of both good and bad students in classroom
Wastage of time as some slow learner students may fail to learn
properly in spite of motivation by the professional trainers.
Un professional and non standard education may cause the wastage
of time and money causing learners go for non-formal education.
Costly and rigid education as compare to other form of learning
 Informal Education
no formal school learning method.
no conscious efforts are involved.
It is neither pre-planned nor deliberate.
it happens at some marketplace, hotel or at home.
not given according to any fixed timetable
no set curriculum required.
consists of experiences and actually living in the family or
community.
non-targeted learning ( “it just happens”)
e.g.
 practicing English because you were traveling
daily experience
using resources from your environment
 Informal Education

no control over the performed activities,

does not necessity regard the providing of degrees or diplomas;
it merely supplements both formal and non-formal education.
It is independent of boundary walls.
It has no definite syllabus.
It is a lifelong process in a natural way.
The certificates/degrees are not involved and one has no stress for
learning the new things.
You can get from any source such as media, life experiences,
friends, family etc.
 Advantages of Informal Education
• The learning process is at anywhere and at any time from your
daily experience.
• Utilizes a variety of techniques. No specific time span.
• Less costly and time efficient learning process.
• No need to hire experts as most of professionals may be
willing to share their precious knowledge with students/public
through social media and internet.
• Learners can be picked up the requisite information from
books, TV, radio or conversations with their friends/family
members.
 Disadvantages of Informal Education
• Information acquired from internet, social media, TV, radio or
conversations with friends/family members may lead to the
disinformation.
• Utilized techniques may not be appropriate.
• No proper schedule/time span.
• Unpredictable results which simply the wastage of time.
• Lack of confidence in learner.
• Absence of discipline, attitude and good habits.
 Non-formal Education
• Consciously, deliberately and systematically
implemented (planned)
• outside of the established formal system (the school)
• individual centered
• no direct interaction, the learning process is self
learning
• Examples of Non-formal Education
• programs.
• Community-based adult education courses.
• Free courses for adult education developed by some
organization
 Non-formal Education…
home reading and paperwork.
Educative processes endowed with flexible curricula
and methodology,
time is not a pre-established factor but is depend upon
the student’s work pace.
 Non-formal Education…
The timetable and syllabus can be
adjustable/flexible
Unlike the theoretical formal education, it is
practical and vocational education.
has no age limit.
Fees or certificates may or may not be necessary.
It may be full time or part-time learning and one
can earn and learn together
.It involves learning of professional skills.
 Non-formal Education…
The three educative processes, are:
“correspondence learning”,
“distance learning” and
“open systems” to study the programs of their
choice when and where they wish, and at a
pace to suit their circumstances
 Advantages of Non-formal Education
Practiced and vocational training.
Literacy with skillfulness growth in which self-
learning is appreciated.
Flexibility in age, curriculum and time.
Open-ended educational system in which both
public and private sector are involved in the process
No need to conduct regular exams.
Diploma, certificates and award are not essential to
be awarded.
Non-formal education seems better to meet the
individual needs of students.
 Advantages of Non-formal Education

Attendance of participants are unsteady.

Sometimes, it’s just wastage of time as there is no need
to conduct exam on regular basis and no degree/diploma
is awarded at the end of the training session.
Basic reading and writing skills are crucial to learn.
No professional and trained teachers.
Students may not enjoy the full confidence as the
regular students enjoy.
Some institutes provide fake certification through online
courses just for the sake of earning
 Nature of Education
[Link] is a life-long process- Education is a continuous and
lifelong process.
[Link] is a systematic process- It refers to transact its
activities through a systematic institution and regulation.
[Link] is development of individual and the society- It
is called a force for social development, which brings
improvement in every aspect in the society.
[Link] is modification of behavior- Human behavior is
modified and improved through educational process.
5. Education is purposive: every individual has some goal in
his life. Education contributes in attainment of that goal.
 Nature of Education

6. Education is a training- Human senses, mind, behavior, activities;

skills are trained in a constructive and socially desirable way.
7. Education is instruction and direction- It directs and instructs an
individual to fulfill his desires and needs for exaltation of his whole
personality.
[Link] is life- Life without education is meaningless and like the
life of a beast.
 Nature of Education…
[Link] is continuous reconstruction of our experiences-
[Link] helps in individual adjustment:
 a man is a social being. If he is not able to adjust himself in
different aspects of life his personality can’t remain balanced.
 Through the medium of education he learns to adjust himself with
the friends, class fellows, parents, relations, neighbors and teachers
etc.
 Nature of Education…
[Link] is balanced development: Education is
concerned with
the development of all faculties of the child. it performs the
functions of the physical, mental, aesthetic, moral,
economic, spiritual development of the individual so that
the individual may get rid of his animal instincts by
sublimating the same so that he becomes a civilized person
.12. Education is a dynamic process: Education is not a
static but a dynamic process which develops the child
according to changing situations and times. It reconstructs
the society according to the changing needs of the time
and place of the society.
 Nature of Education…
13. Education is a bipolar process: in which one personality acts on
another to modify the development of other person.
[Link] is a three dimensional process:
the process of education consists of 3 poles – the teacher, the child
and the society.
15. Education as growth: The purpose of education is to facilitate the
process of his/her growth.