NPM

ORIENTATION AND
LNAP
FORMULATION
WORKSHOP
Venue | Date
PHASE I. PLANNING

FORMULATING
THE NUTRITION
SITUATION
ANALYSIS
Nutrition Program Management Orientation
and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
 Speaker

Picture here

M______________
Designation
Nutrition Program Management Orientation
and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
STEP 1
Discuss the current
nutrition situation

Nutrition Program Management Orientation

and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
Panuto:

• Group by LGUs
• Discuss the current nutrition situation and
agree on:
- the major nutrition problems to be
addressed for plan period 2023-2025 and
2024
- immediate, underlying, and root causes
following the analytical framework (problem
tree analysis)
• Use provided worksheet
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
1. What forms of malnutrition exist?
• Nutritional status (height-for-age, weight-
for-age, weight-for-height) of children 0 - <5
years old and school children
• Nutritional status (weight and height) of
pregnant and lactating women,
adolescents, and older persons
• Infants with low birth weight
• Cases of deficiencies in Vitamin A, iron, and
iodine
• Compare it with previous years and identify
the most prevalent form
• Get the average, then rank
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
2. How many are malnourished?
• Actual number
• Prevalence (%) e.g., number of 0 - <5-year-
old children/total number of 0 - <5-year-old
children
• Compute the prevalence of stunting,
wasting, and underweight among preschool
and school children by age group and sex
• Prevalence of underweight and overweight
pregnant and lactating women,
adolescents, and older persons
• Prevalence of deficiencies in Vitamin A, iron,
and iodine (if data are available)
• Prevalence of infants with low birth weight
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
Actual Number:
Stunted : ___; Severely stunted :
___
Underweight : ___; Severely
underweight: ___
Wasted : ___; Severely wasted :
___ Overweight : ___; Obese (WforL)
: ___
Prevalence:
Stunted and severely stunted : ____%
Underweight & severely underweight: ____
%
Wasted and severely wasted : ____%
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
Prevalence per age group:
Underweight & Severely underweight
Age group Boys Prevalence Girls Prevalence
0-5 months
6-11 months
12-23 months
24-35 months
36-47 months
48-59 months
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
Prevalence per age group:
Stunted and severely stunted
Age group Boys Prevalence Girls Prevalence
0-5 months
6-11 months
12-23 months
24-35 months
36-47 months
48-59 months
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
Prevalence per age group:
Wasted and severely wasted
Age group Boys Prevalence Girls Prevalence
0-5 months
6-11 months
12-23 months
24-35 months
36-47 months
48-59 months
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
Prevalence per age group:
Overweight and obesity
Age group Boys Prevalence Girls Prevalence
0-5 months
6-11 months
12-23 months
24-35 months
36-47 months
48-59 months
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
3. Who are the malnourished?
• Is the prevalence of stunting, wasting, or
underweight children higher in boys? or in
girls? At what age and age group is it high?
• What is their age group/physiological
classification? i.e., infants, preschool,
school children, pregnant, lactating,
adolescents, older persons
• What type of households do they belong
to?
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
4. Where are the malnourished?
• Identify the specific areas (purok/sitio,
barangays) or type of ecologic zone
(upland, inland, lowland, coastal, rural or
urban) that have the most number of
malnourished children, adolescents,
pregnant, lactating, and older persons
• Malnutrition clusters in certain areas can be
determined by the spot map
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
5. What are the causes of malnutrition?
The LNC including the NAO should discuss the
causes that lead to malnutrition. They should
arrive at a list of causes and agree on how these
factors interact with each other. These should be
validated with actual data by comparing with
higher level data or comparing across barangays.
• Immediate – inadequate food intake
• Underlying – food insecurity, poor care,
inadequate health services
• Basic – education, economic condition
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
5. What are the causes of malnutrition?
• Morbidity cases according to illness
• Morbidity rate for diarrhea, measles and acute
respiratory tract infections
• Low wages
• Increase in population
• Variety of diet
• Caring practices for women and children
• Low literacy rate
• Female highest educational attainment
• Other factors as identified by the LGU
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
6. What have been done to address
malnutrition? How effective have these
been?
• Check the nutrition programs implemented in
the community and the extent to which
programs have reached and improved the lives
of the malnourished and nutritionally-at-risk
• Successes can be determined by looking into the
accomplishment of targets based on reports,
reaching out to the truly needy population,
mobilizing community participation, among
others
• Depending on the results of the review, the LNC
can decide whether to CONTINUE, STOP, or
MODIFY the nutrition programs/projects/activities
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
7. What resources are available?
Resources in the LNAP can be in terms of:
• human, e.g., volunteer workers and
technical experts
• material/equipment or physical, e.g., food
commodities
• financial, e.g., funding from LGU or other
partners
• natural, e.g., water, fuel, and land
In assessing resources, be guided by:
• What kind of resources is available?
• How much resources are available?
• How adequate are the resources?
Guide questions to assess nutrition situation:
8. What constraints could affect the
implementation of nutrition
interventions?
• Constraints are factors that can affect the
implementation of nutrition programs/projects/
activities (socio-economic, political, cultural,
ecological/environmental)
• Learning or difficulties may also be along
inadequate funds, uncooperative community
and lack of coordination among LNC members
STEP 2
Problem tree analysis
(Guide in undertaking a nutrition
situation assessment)
Nutrition Program Management Orientation
and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
What is a problem tree?
• An analysis tool that assists in analyzing an
existing situation by identifying the major
problems and their main causal
relationships.
• The output is a graphical arrangement of
problems differentiated according to ‘causes’
and ‘effects,’ joined by a core, or focal, problem.
• Use of cards - one problem per card - makes the
tool useful for group participation in a workshop
setting. The outcome represents the collective
thinking of the participants.
[Link]
Steps in designing a problem tree
1. List all the problems. They should be existing,
not possible, imagined or future ones. The problem
is an existing negative situation, not the absence
of a solution.
2. Identify a core problem – this may involve
considerable trial and error before settling on one.
3. Determine which problems are “causes” and
which are “effects”.
4. Arrange in hierarchy both causes and effects, i.e.,
how do the causes relate to each other – which
leads to the other, etc.
Structure of a problem tree

Effects

Core problem
(Pangunahing problema)

Immediate
(Batayang dahilan)
Causes
Underlying
(Detalyadong batayang dahilan)
Root causes
Example of a nutrition problem tree
Example of a nutrition problem tree
Pangunahin
g problema

Agaran
g
dahilan

Batayan
g
dahilan

Detalyadon
g batayang
dahilan
Example of a nutrition problem tree
STEP 3
Objective analysis tree

Nutrition Program Management Orientation

and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
Objective analysis tree
Objective Analysis Tree is a project planning
tool that helps analyze and graphically break
down objectives into smaller and more
manageable parts. It is a tool derived from its
parent tool the Problem Analysis Tree

The Objective Analysis Tree basically converts

the problematic issues of the Problem
Analysis Tree into positive desired results.
Advantages of objective tree
• The future situation is visualized around the
resolution of the problems previously detected.
• The relationship of the problem with the means
and ends is understood at a glance.
• The objectives to be considered are weighted
according to their order of importance or
sequence in their resolution.
• There is a starting point to initiate the solution
of the central problem: The solution
alternatives.
[Link]
Transformation of the problems into objectives

Problem Objective

Stunted Stunting rate of

children 0-5 children 0-5
y/o reduced

Inadequate Food intake

food intake improved

Poor health Better health

status status

[Link]
Example of an objective tree
Reduced number
of stunted
children 0-5 y/o

Improved food Better health

intake status

Food secured Adequate care Satisfactory health

households for mothers and services; improved
children hygiene

• Increased food • Improved IYCF • Adequate health

production practices supplies
• Enough money • Improved • Improved
to buy food knowledge on sanitation
• Available childcare • Available potable
employment • Clean living water supply
opportunity parents • Improved personal
• Improved family hygiene
planning • Adequate HR
STEP 4
Formulation of Goals and
Objectives statements

Nutrition Program Management Orientation

and Local Nutrition Action Plan Formulation Workshop
Goal
• It is a general guidelines that explain what you want
to achieve in your community. They are usually long-
term and represent global visions such as “protect
public health and safety”.

• General statement to aim for but is not detailed

enough for planning activities (no timeline). It is a
broad definition of what we aim/want to achieve
usually at long range.

• Goal should be aligned with the LGUs vision and

mission.
Goal and objectives
Goal Objectives
A broad statement about the Statements describing the
long-term expectation of results to be achieved,
what should happen as a and the manner in which
result of program (the they will be achieved.
desired result). Serves as the Usually need multiple
foundation for developing objectives to address a
your program objectives. single goal.
Importance of goal in planning
 As an end toward which all future actions
specified in the plan are directed
 As a set of criteria for evaluating alternative
strategies and approaches
 As a standard against which the success or
failure of each action is measured

Example: Improved quality of life through

improved nutrition well-being
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National Nutrition Council Official -

Thank you! Philippines

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