A

Presentation
on
“Maintenance Of R And RC Triggering Circuit For SCR”

Department of Electrical Engineering KCE

Society's College Of Engineering and Management,
Jalgaon 425001

Presented By Guided By HOD

Mr. Ghanshyam Marathe Prof. A .[Link] Prof. P. D. Kulkarni
Miss. Nikita Shitole
Mr. Piyush chaudhari

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Contents
 Abstract

 Introduction

 Component

 Construction & Working

 Wave Form Output

 Advantages

 Disadvantages

 Application

 Conclusion
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Abstract
The SCR has two stable states as forward blocking and forward conduction state.
Switching the SCR from forward blocking state (OFF-state) to forward conduction
state (ON-state) is known as turning ON process of SCR. It is also called as
triggering. The criteria for triggering the SCR depends on the several variables
like supply voltage, gate current, temperature, etc. There are various methods to
trigger the SCR so that it comes into the ON state. It is Simple to
[Link], debug.

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Introduction
Gate triggering is the most common method of turning ON the scr's, because
it is an efficient and reliable method. The gate control circuit is also called
firing or triggering circuit. These gating circuits are usually low power
electronics circuits. A firing circuit should fulfil the following two function

A) If power circuit has more than one SCR, the firing circuit should produce
gating pulses for each scr at the desired instance for proper of power circuit.

B) The control signal generated by a firing circuit may not be able to turn on
SCR. It is therefore common to feed the voltage pulses to a driver circuit and
then to gate cathode circuit. A driver consists of a pulse amplifer and a pulse
transformer.

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Construction & Working of SCR

A silicon controlled rectifier or semiconductor-controlled rectifier is a four-layer

solid state current-controlling device. The name "silicon controlled rectifier" is
General Electric's trade name for a type of [Link] are mainly used in
electronic devices that require control of high voltage and power. This makes
them applicable in medium and high AC power operations such as motor control
function. An SCR conducts when a gate pulse is applied to it, just like a diode. It
has four layers of semiconductors that form two structures namely; NPNP or
PNPN. In addition, it has three junctions labeled as J1, J2 and J3 and three
terminals anode, cathode and a gate
The anode connects to the P-type, cathode to the N-type and the gate to the P-
type as shown below.

In an SCR, the intrinsic semiconductor is silicon to which the required dopants

are infused. However, doping a PNPN junction is dependent on the SCR
application
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Operation of SCR
Modes of Operation in SCR
OFF state forward blocking mode − Here the anode is assigned a positive voltage,
the gate is assigned a zero voltage disconnected and the cathode is assigned a
negative voltage. As a result, Junctions J1 and J3 are in forward bias while J2 is in
reverse bias. J2 reaches its breakdown avalanche value and starts to conduct. Below
this value, the resistance of J1 is significantly high and is thus said to be in the off
state.
ON state conducting mode − An SCR is brought to this state either by increasing the
potential difference between the anode and cathode above the avalanche voltage or by
applying a positive signal at the gate. Immediately the SCR starts to conduct, gate
voltage is no longer needed to maintain the ON state and is, therefore, switched off by
−
Decreasing the current flow through it to the lowest value called holding current
Using a transistor placed across the junction.
Reverse blocking − This compensates the drop in forward voltage. This is due to the
fact that a low doped region in P1 is needed. It is important to note that the voltage
ratings of forward and reverse blocking are equal.

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 Working of R Trigger Circuit
When voltage VS start its positive half cycle the thyristor ‘T’ becomes forward
bias however, it will only start conducting. When gate current exceeds gate
current minimum during this positive half cycle diode ‘D’ and gate cathode
junction also becomes forward [Link] VS increase so gate current also increase
when gate current becomes more than Ig minimum SCR start conducting and
voltage drop across it is very [Link] all voltage appear across the load shown in
the figure. Now SCR continue to conduct till the current through it is more than
holding current which is of very small [Link] SCR conduct to ωt = π. At
ωt = π reverse voltage appear across it and it turn off when it is evident due to
line [Link] think is that we can control the firing angle α by varying
the value of resistance ‘R’ . If will be increase resistance than less current will be
flow through junction gate and more time it will be consume to attempt the value
to Ig minimum and firing angle can be increase and vice – versa.

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 Working of RC Trigger Circuit
So here in the both half cycles the bridge output voltage Vb is positive. So as
discussed above in half wave triggering circuit capacitor here charges to Vgt
( Minimum gate triggering voltage ). In this half cycle and turns on the [Link] a
resistance capacitance full wave triggering circuit the power is deliver to the load and
it is only in the positive half cycle. Because SCR conducts only in forward bias. From
the above discussion we have concluded that in a resistance capacitance half wave
triggering circuit the SCR is turn on and the SCR conducts a positive half cycle as
well as negative half cycle. And the firing angle is control from 0 to 180°.

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Output Wave Form

RC Trigger Circuit waveform 9

R Trigger Circuit Waveform
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Advantages

Advantages of Resistance triggring

 Simple to understand and construct.
 Helps to understand other tilgh level triggering schemes.
Advantages of Resistance Capacitor Triggering
 The circuit is easy to design and economic.
 Fering angle can be adjusted between 0 to 180 degree This circuit a
automatically synchronized with ac supply The lining angle can be varied
from 5 degree to 150 degree.

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 Disadvantages
 They can be employed in power circuits having only one
thyristor.
 They are capable of open loop control only
 Due to lower voltages near 0 o to 180o, gate current is small.
Especially in R-C firing circuit, near 180 o gate current is
minimum due to maximum value of R. This will increase the
turn on time, especially for R-L load, leading to higher turn on
loss.
 Higher frequency gate signal is desirable for reliable turn on.
Both the circuits are not capable of providing the same
 There is no electrical isolation between control circuit and
power circuit.

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Application

Application of R Trigger Circuit.

 Dimmer Circuits: Used in lighting systems for adjustable brightness

control.
 Motor Speed Control: In conjunction with SCRs to regulate the speed
of AC motors.
 Heating Control: For precise control of electric heaters.
 Power Supplies: In some power supply designs to regulate output
voltage.
 Phase Angle Control: It enables control over the phase angle of the AC
voltage waveform, crucial in many power control applications.

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Application of RC Trigger Circuit:

 Phase-locked loops: Used in synchronization applications.

 Light Dimmers: Controlling the intensity of light in lighting systems.
 Power Control: Adjustable power control in various devices.
 Motor Speed Control: Regulating the speed of AC motors.

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Conclusion
The circuit of R and RC triggering is employed of simple construction which
is vulnerable to run in electronic laboratory and get a desired output that to
taking cost consideration which is further used to also understand other types
of triggering high level ng schemes. The scr fining circuits are the most
efficient and reliable method Most of the control applications use this type of
triggering because the desired instant of ser turning is possible with gate
triggering method.

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THANK YOU!

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