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TABLE OF CONTENT
What is a Knowledge Base?
Components and structure of the knowledge base
Domain knowledge
Inference knowledge
Task knowledge
Role of Intelligent Systems in the Knowledge Base
Implementation of knowledge-based intelligent system
WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE BASE?
A knowledge base in AI is a centralized
repository that stores and manages knowledge,
data, and information in a machine-readable
format. It enables AI systems to access, reason,
and infer knowledge to make decisions, solve
problems, or answer questions.
WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE BASE?
• A knowledge base is not merely a collection of
data; it is an Artificial Intelligence-driven
central hub that intelligently organizes and
manages information.
• By consolidating data from various sources, it
enables quick retrieval of relevant and accurate
information, significantly improving decision-
making processes.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE BASES
i. Machine Learning-Enhanced Knowledge Bases: These
knowledge bases leverage(use) machine learning to extract
detailed insights from user interactions, continuously
updating themselves with the most relevant information to
ensure timely and accurate responses.(stores knowledge in
the form of rules i.e. in If-Then format)
ii. Semantic Knowledge Bases: With the ability to
understand the deeper meanings behind user inputs, these
bases use semantic search to quickly link queries to the
appropriate information, crucial for handling complex
customer service interactions.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE BASES
iv. NLP Knowledge Bases: These systems utilize
Natural Language Processing (NLP) to interpret and generate
human language, making them ideal for applications like
customer service chatbots that need to understand and respond to
user queries accurately.
v. Predictive Knowledge Bases: By anticipating potential issues
before they arise, predictive knowledge bases proactively update
their content, enabling customer service agents to offer
preemptive solutions, thus enhancing overall service efficiency
and preventing problems.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
The typical knowledge model has three components and each of these
Components is a related group of knowledge structures. The
knowledge components can also be called as knowledge category.
i. Domain Knowledge
[Link] Knowledge
iii. Task Knowledge
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
Domain Knowledge:
• First component of the knowledge model. This
component is responsible for specifying the domain-
specific knowledge and information that are relevant to a
particular area or application.
• For example, in a medical diagnosis, the domain
knowledge includes the definition of diseases,
symptoms, and tests, and how they are related. It’s
similar to a data model or object model in software
engineering which provides a structured way to describe
the important concepts in that field.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
The domain-knowledge description generally contains two major elements:
Domain schema: The domain schema is a schematic description of the domain-
specific knowledge and information needed for a particular area or topic.
It uses different types to define the structure of this knowledge. This schema
shows how things are organized in that area, but it doesn’t change much over
time. In the context of the knowledge base, the domain schema resembles a
framework or structure that helps to organize and represent information
in our AI system.
Knowledge base: A knowledge base accommodates the instances of the types
specified in the domain schema. In knowledge modeling, we often have
different knowledge bases for different types of knowledge. For example, we
might have one knowledge base for rules and another for other types of pieces
of information.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
Inference knowledge
Inference knowledge is the second component of the knowledge model. Inference
knowledge refers to the reasoning steps used with the domain knowledge to make
decisions. These steps are like building blocks of a reasoning system. In technical terms,
they are the basic functional components.
For example, in a medical diagnosis application, one inference might hypothesize a
disease based on the symptoms, and another might verify it by identifying tests to
confirm the disease.
Knowledge roles: Inference I/O role is described as functional roles. This role is known as
the knowledge role. There are two types of knowledge roles one is Dynamic and static
roles.
Dynamic role: Dynamic roles are said to be the run-time inputs and outputs of the
inferences.
Static roles: It specifies the group of domain knowledge that is used to make the inference.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
Inference knowledge
Transfer functions: The transfer function is the function that is responsible for transferring
the information between the reasoning agent that was described in the knowledge
model and the outside world. It is also considered as a black box that only describes
their name and I/O.
There are four types of transfer functions, they are:
Obtain: The external agent contains the information item. The reasoning agent initiates
the request a piece of information from an external agent.
Receive: The reasoning agent receives the piece of information from the external agent
which takes the initiative and holds the information item.
Present: The reasoning agent shares the information with an external agent. It takes the
initiative and has the information.
Provide: The system gives the information to the external agent. Here, the external agent
takes the initiative and the reasoning agent has the information item.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
Task knowledge
• Task knowledge is the third component of the knowledge model. It describes
the goals of an application and how these goals are said to be achieved
through smaller tasks and steps.
• It also includes how these tasks are controlled or managed internally.
• For instance, in a medical diagnosis, the important tasks that are said to be
performed might be diagnosing the illness and that can be achieved by
repeating the steps like hypothesizing and verifying them within the tests. In
simpler terms, Task knowledge is like breaking down big tasks into smaller
ones and it also includes how the functions are controlled within the system.
COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURE OF THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
Task knowledge
There are two types of task knowledge:
Task: A task specifies the complex reasoning function. It is the top-level tasks that
correspond to a task identified in the task model. The specification of a task tells
the user what kind of inputs and outputs of the tasks are.
Task method: A task method is like a set of instructions for how to do specific tasks.
It breaks the tasks down into smaller steps, which can be other tasks, reasoning
steps, or actions like obtaining information. The part of a task method is the
control structure which tells us to do these smaller steps. It's kind of like a simple
program where the steps are the actions we take and the roles are the instructions
for those actions. The control structure helps us understand how we’re solving the
problem like a strategy. Sometimes, a task method might also include extra roles
to help keep track of the information we need temporarily.
ROLE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN THE
KNOWLEDGE BASE
ROLE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN THE KNOWLEDGE
BASE
Classification tasks: The intelligent system can be employed
where there are classification tasks. It potentially helps the
system to analyze the different data to understand its
classification status.
Expert systems: Knowledge base plays a vital role in expert
systems because it simulates the human expert decision-
making in a specific field. The expert system is capable of
providing the solution based on the information item in the
knowledge base and strives the decision-making process
efficiently.
ROLE OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS IN THE KNOWLEDGE
BASE
Medical diagnosis system: As we have seen earlier, the intelligent system
in the knowledge base a huge role in the medical diagnosis system. It
helps the diagnosis patients to input their data or it lets the patients
answer a series of questions. Based on the responses from the patients it
identifies the diagnosis and provides recommendations so that the
medical professionals can use this information to treat the patient.
Rule-based systems: Rule-based intelligent system typically relies on
human-specified rules that can be used to analyze or modify the data to
obtain the desired outcome.
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE:
• Suppose we're building a chatbot that provides customer
support for an e-commerce company. We can use a
knowledge base to store information about products,
customer queries, and solutions.
• Knowledge Base Example:-
• Entities: Products (e.g., iPhone, Samsung TV),
Customer Queries (e.g., "What is the price of iPhone?",
"How do I track my order?")-
• Relationships: Product categories (e.g., Electronics,
Fashion), Product features (e.g., price, brand,
specifications)-
• Rules: IF customer asks about product price, THEN
provide price information
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE(CONTD..)
How it Works:
1. User Query: A customer asks the chatbot, "What is the price of
iPhone?“
2. Knowledge Retrieval: The chatbot queries the knowledge base to
retrieve the price information for iPhone.
3. Response Generation: The chatbot generates a response based on
the retrieved information, "The price of iPhone is $999."
PRACTICAL EXAMPLE(CONTD..)
Benefits:
1. Improved Customer Support: The chatbot can provide accurate
and consistent responses to customer queries.
2. Increased Efficiency: The knowledge base reduces the need for
human customer support agents to answer frequent queries.
3. Knowledge Sharing: The knowledge base can be shared across
multiple applications and systems, reducing knowledge duplication
and improving consistency.
REAL-WORLD APPLICATIONS:
1. Virtual Assistants:
Virtual assistants like Siri, Google Assistant, and Alexa use
knowledge bases to answer user queries.
2. Chatbots:
Chatbots use knowledge bases to provide customer support
and answer frequently asked questions
3. Expert Systems:
Expert systems use knowledge bases to provide expert-
level advice and decision-making capabilities.
CONCLUSION
The knowledge base is one of the crucial components in the
intelligent system that stores and organizes information. With the
help of this information, the intelligent system can make
decisions, solve problems, and even learn from experiences. By
utilizing technologies like Machine learning and NLP, the
knowledge enhances the efficiency and accuracy of the tasks that
they were involved in