Welcome to Emerging

Technology
Department of Information
Technology
School of Informatics & Electrical
Engineering
Hachalu Hundessa Institute of
Technology 1
Chapter 5: Augmented Reality(AR)

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•Content outlines:

 Overview of Augmented Reality.

 The difference between VR,AR and MR

 Architecture of AR systems

 Application of AR systems

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Chapter Objectives:
 After accomplishing this chapter, Students will be able to:

 Explain augmented reality

 Explain the features of augmented reality

 Explain the difference between AR, VR, and MR

 Explain the architecture of augmented reality systems

 Describe the application areas of augmented reality

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• Brainstorming

 What do you think about Augmented Reality?

 What are the common features of Augmented reality?

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 The fundamental idea of AR is to combine , or mix, the
view of the real environment with additional, virtual
content that is presented through computer graphics.
 Its convincing effect is achieved by ensuring that the
virtual content is aligned and registered with the real
objects.

 As a person moves in an environment and their

perspective view of real objects changes, the virtual
content should also be presented from the same
perspective. 6
What is Augmented reality(AR)?
• Definition

 Augmented reality (AR) is a form of emerging technology that

allows users to overlay computer generated content in the real
world.

 AR refers to a live view of a physical real-world environment

whose elements are merged with augmented computer-
generated images creating a mixed reality.
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 Augmented Reality (AR) as a real-time direct or indirect
view of a physical real-world environment that has been
enhanced /augmented by adding virtual computer-
generated information to it.
 Augmented reality is the integration of digital
information with the user's environment in real time.

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 Virtual Reality (VR)

Virtual Reality (VR) is fully immersive, which tricks your

senses into thinking you’re in a different environment or

world apart from the real world.

Using a head-mounted display (HMD) or headset, you’ll

experience a computer-generated world of imagery and
sounds. you can manipulate objects and move around
using haptic controllers while tethered to a console or PC.
 It is also called a computer-simulated reality.
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 It refers to computer technologies using reality headsets
to generate realistic sounds, images and other sensations
that replicate a real environment or create an imaginary
world.
 Advanced VR environment will engage all five senses
(taste, sight, smell, touch, sound) .

 Using VR devices such as HTC Vive, Oculus Rift or

Google Cardboard, users can be transported into a
number of real-world and imagined environments.
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 Most VR headsets are connected to a computer (Oculus
Rift) or a gaming console (PlayStation VR)

 There are standalone devices (Google Cardboard is

among the most popular) as well.

 Most standalone VR headsets work in combination with

smartphones – you insert a smartphone, wear a
headset, and immerse in the virtual reality

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Augmented Reality (AR)
 In augmented reality, users see and interact with the real
world while digital content is added to it.
 There’s a different way to experience augmented reality,
though – with special AR headsets, such as
 Google Glass, where digital content is displayed on a tiny
screen in front of a user’s eye.
 AR adds digital elements to a live view often by using the
camera on a smartphone.
 Examples of augmented reality experiences include
Snapchat lenses and the game Pokémon Go.
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 Augmented Reality (AR) is a live,

direct or indirect view of a

physical, real-world environment
whose elements are augmented
(or supplemented) by computer-
generated sensory input such as
sound, video, graphics or GPS
data.
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Mixed Reality (MR)
Mixed Reality (MR)……….hybrid reality.
It is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new
environments and visualizations where physical and digital
objects co-exist and interact in real-time.
For example, with MR, you can play a virtual video game,
grab your real-world water bottle, and smack an imaginary
character from the game with the bottle.
Imagination and reality have never been so intermingled.

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 In mixed reality, you interact
with and manipulate both
physical and virtual items
and environments, using
next-generation sensing and
imaging technologies.

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 MR allows you to see and
immerse yourself in the
world around you even as
you interact with a virtual
environment using your
own hands.

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 VR Vs. AR Vs. MR

The hardware requirements VR is content which is 100%

digital and can be enjoyed in a fully immersive
environment

AR overlays digital content on top of the real-world.

MR is a digital overlay that allows interactive virtual

elements to integrate and interact with the real-world
environment.
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 Numerous augmented reality apps and games can run on
almost every smartphone on the market.
 virtual reality programs require specialized VR headsets,
noise-canceling headphones, cameras to track room space
and boundaries, and sometimes even motion capture
technology.
 Some of the biggest names in VR tech today are the Oculus
Rift, HTC Vive, and PlayStation VR.
 For the enjoyment of simple VR videos, there are
affordable makeshift VR headsets like the Google
Cardboard.
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 Mixed reality hardware is still emerging and hasn’t quite
broken into the mainstream consumer market, most likely
due to the price.

 The consumer releases of the Microsoft HoloLens and

Magic Leap One retail for over $2000 USD .

 However, mixed reality applications sometimes require

exponentially more processing power and thus require
more powerful hardware.
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The Microsoft HoloLens includes:
 A built-in microphone array,

 Binaural sound capabilities,

 A built-in camera for recording,

 A depth sensor,

 Head-tracking cameras,
 An inertial measurement unit which helps track head movement

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The architecture of AR Systems
 The first Augmented Reality Systems (ARS) were usually
designed with a basis on three main blocks
1. Infrastructure Tracker Unit,

2. Processing Unit, and

3. Visual Unit.
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•The Infrastructure Tracker Unit
 It is responsible for collecting data from the real world,
sending them to the Processing Unit,
•Processing Unit
 Which mixed the virtual content with the real content
and sent the result to the Video Out module of the Visual
Unit
•Visual Unit
 Used to display

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 Some designs used a Video In, to acquire required data for the
Infrastructure Tracker Unit.

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 The Visual Unit can be classified into two
types of system, depending on the followed
visualization technology:
1. Video see-through
 It uses a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) that employs a video-
mixing and displays the merged images on a closed-view
HMD.

2. Optical see-through:
 It uses an HMD that employs optical combiners to merge the
images within an open-view HMD.

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 HMDs shortcomings
 HMDs are currently the dominant display technology in
the AR field.

 However, they lack in several aspects, such as ergonomics,

high prices and relatively low mobility due to their sizes
and connectivity features.
 An additional problem involving HMD is the interaction
with the real environment, which places virtual interactive
zones to the user, making the collision with these zones
hard due to the difficulty to interact with multiple points in
different depths.
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•
Applications of AR Systems
 Technology is ever-changing and ever-growing.

 One of the newest developing technologies is

augmented reality (AR), which can be applied
to many different disciplines such as
Education.

Medicine.

Entertainment.

Military, etc.

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 AR In education
 Augmented reality allows flexibility in use that is
attractive to education.
 AR technology can be utilized through a variety of
mediums including desktops, mobile devices, and
smartphones.
 AR can be used to enhance content and instruction within
the traditional classroom,
 supplement instruction in the special education
classroom, extend content into the world outside the
classroom,

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 More importantly, the following reasons for
using augmented reality in education:

 Affordable learning materials

 Interactive lessons

 Higher engagement

 Higher retention

 Boost intellectual curiosity

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 AR In Medicine
Augmented reality has the potential to play a big role in
improving the healthcare industry.

This new technology is enhancing medicine and healthcare

towards more safety and efficiency.

For now, augmented reality has already made significant
changes in the following medical areas:
Surgery(minimally invasive surgery);
Education of future doctors;
Diagnostics;
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AR in health care

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 AR tools aid to detect the signs of depression and other
mental illnesses by reading from
 Facial expressions.

 Voice tones.

 Physical gestures

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 In medicine, AR has the following applications:
Describing symptoms
Nursing care
Surgery
Ultrasounds
Diabetes management
 Navigation

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 Generally, AR provides the following benefits to patients
and healthcare workers:
 Reduce the risks associated with minimally invasive surgery.

 Better informed decisions about the right treatment and illness

prevention.
 Make procedures more tolerable.
 Better aftercare
 Medical training and education.
 Assistance in medical procedures and routine tasks.

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 AR In Entertainment

 AR in games :- such as Pokémon Go

 AR in music
 AR on TV
 AR in Sports
 AR in the theater

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Review Questions
1. what is augmented, virtual and mixed reality and its
application?
2. what are good examples of augmented, virtual and mixed
reality?

3. what is the difference between augmented, virtual and

mixed reality?

4. How is augmented, virtual and mixed reality achieved?

5. What is the benefit of augmented, virtual and mixed
reality?

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6. How Can AR, VR, and MR improve engineering
instructions?

7. Can VR be a substitute for Real Life Experience?

8. What is the impact of VR on Educational Learning rather
than games?

9. What is the most technical challenge for MR?

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