MIRROR IMAGE(1)
CHICK DECIDE
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CHOKE BOX
BOOK BIKE
MIRROR IMAGE(1)
CHICK DECIDE
CHOKE BOX
BOOK BIKE
MIRROR IMAGE(2)
CHECK POWER
LIGHT BED
POLES SPEED
MIRROR IMAGE(2)
CHECK POWER
LIGHT BED
POLES SPEED
Objectives
• Predict the qualitative
characteristics of images formed by
plane and curved mirrors and lenses
• Define the terms normal, angle of
incidence and angle of reflection
• State the angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection and use
this principle in construction,
measurements and calculations.
What is Light?
• Light is part of the EM spectrum
which we can see.
• Light travels in straight lines
called rays.
• A bundle of rays is known as a
beam of light.
Nature of light
• A form of energy which enables us to see
• It travels in straight line
• It travels at a very high speed
(3.0 x 108 ms-1) in vacuum.
• It is emitted by luminous sources such as
SUN, STARS, CANDLES,
LAMPS, etc.
Nature of light
• White light is a mixture of seven
different colours namely Red,
Orange , Yellow, Green, Blue,
Indigo, Violet.
• Light is a transverse wave and
forms part of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
Light ray
• The path along which light energy travels
is called a RAY.
• It is represented by a straight line with
an arrow to show its direction of motion.
Beam of Light
• A beam of light is a bundle of light rays.
Parallel beam Converging beams
Diverging beams
Reflection of Light
occurs on
Rough surfaces Smooth surfaces
Which give which give
Diffuse reflection regular reflection
Governed by
Laws of reflection
Reflection of light
The abrupt change in
the direction of
propagation of light
rays that strike the
boundary between
different medium.
Reflection of Light occurs on Smooth
mirrors Such as surfaces
That can be
plane spherical
Which may be
convex concave
forms forms
Virtual images Real or virtual images
Normal :
An imaginary line perpendicular
to a surface where the reflection
occurs. normal
normal
plane center
Reflection of Light(1)
The ray striking the surface
(incoming ray)
normal
Incident Reflected
ray i r ray
plane mirror
The ray reflected from the surface
(outgoing ray)
Reflection of Light(2)
The angle between incident ray and
normal
i = angle of
incidence
r = angle of
reflection
normal
Incident Reflected
ray
i r ray
i r
plane mirror
The angle between reflected ray
and normal
Laws of Reflection:
• Law 1: The incident ray, the reflected
ray and the normal at the point of
incidence all lie on the same plane.
• Law 2: The angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection.
Angle i = Angle
r
Example 1
The diagram shows a ray of light being
reflected by a plane mirror MN.
Which one of the following statements is
completely correct ?
A LP is the incident ray, PR
is the reflected ray and x is
the angle of reflection.
B LP is the reflected ray, x is the angle of
C
incidence and y is the angle of reflection.
C LP is the incident ray, x is the angle of
incidence and y is the angle of reflection.
D PQ is the normal, x = y, and PR is the
incident ray.
Reflection by
the plane mirror
Note: Normal always perpendicular
to the mirror
Plane mirror i = angle of
incidence
r = angle of
reflection
normal
i r
Incident Reflected
ray
ir ray
i r
plane mirror
Example 2
The diagram shows a ray of light reflected in a
plane mirror.
What is the angle of reflection?
Angle incidence = 900 - 400
= 50 0
Angle of reflection = Angle of incidence
= 500
Example 3
A ray of light is reflected from a plane
mirror as shown in the diagram below:
(a) What is the angle of
incidence?
(b) What is the size of
the angle marked b?
Angle of incidence = 900 - 100 = 800
Angle b = 100
Example 4
The diagram shows a ray of light striking a
plane mirror. What is the angle of
incidence if the total angle between the
incident ray and reflected ray is 70?
Angle of incidence
= Angle of reflection
= 700 / 2
= 350
Example 5
In the figure below, ray AB will be reflected twice.
Find the angle of reflection in the second reflection.
Copy the figure and complete the path of the ray.
A
B 300 300
r1
i2 r2
angle r1 = 300; angle r2 = angle i2
= 900 - 300 = 600
Formation of
images on a plane
mirror:
• To the eye, all the reflected rays
appear to have come from I, the
image.
• Thus, the image formed is virtual.
Real and Virtual
Images
• A real image is one which can be
formed on a screen.
• It is produced by ray that converge
at the position of the image.
• A virtual image is one which cannot
be formed on a screen.
• It is produced by reflection of light.
Image formed by
Plane Mirror:
• It is virtual.
• It is upright.
• It is lateral inverted.
• It has the same size as the object.
• Distance of the image from the mirror
is equal to the distance of the object
from the mirror.