COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND
ORGANIZATION
(CSW225)
Lecture 1 Dr. Khaled Saada
Sinai University (SU)
Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science
E-Mail: khaledsaada244@[Link]
Course Info
• Textbook:
— “Computer Organization and Architecture:
Designing for Performance”, William Stallings,
9th Edition, 2013,
[Link]/ComputerOrganizatio
n
Course Overview
• Ch. 1: Introduction
• Ch. 2: Computer Evolution and
Performance
• Ch. 3: A Top-Level View of Computer
Function and Interconnection
• Ch. 4: Cache Memory
• Ch. 5: Internal Memory
• Ch. 7: Input\Output
Course overview
Lectur 2 hours/week
2 hours/week Tut/Labs
e
marks
Quizzes: 10%
Midterm exams: 20%
Final Project: 10%
Final exam: 60%
Ch. 1: Introduction
Organization vs. Architecture (1)
• Architecture: attributes visible to the
programmer.
— Instruction set, number of bits
used for data representation, I/O
mechanisms, addressing techniques.
— Ex.: Is there a multiply instruction?
• Organization: how features are
implemented. Such details may be
hidden from programmer.
— Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology, number of cores.
— Ex.: Is there a hardware multiply unit or
is it done by repeated addition?
Organization vs. Architecture (2)
• All Intel x86 family share the same
basic architecture.
• This gives code compatibility, at
least backwards.
• Organization differs between different
versions (e.g., Core i3/i5/i7, Xeon, Atom,
… etc.)
Hardware Structure vs. Function
• Structure: the way in which components
relate to each other.
• Function: the operation of individual
components as part of the structure
Structure - Top level
Peripherals Computer
Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit
Computer Systems
Interconnection
Input
Output
Communication
lines
Structure - CPU
CPU
Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
CP
U
Memory Login
System Unit
Bus
Internal CPU
I/ Interconnection
O
Control
Unit
Structure – Control Unit
Control Unit
CPU
Sequencing
Registers AL
U Logic
Internal
Bus
Control Unit
Control Registers and
Unit Decoders
Control
Memory
Function
• All computers have the following
functions:
— Data storage
— Date processing
— Data movement
— Control
Functional View of a Computer
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus
Data
Processing
Facility
Data Movement
• e.g., keyboard to
screen.
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus
Data
Processing
Facility
Storage
• e.g., Internet download to a
disk.
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus
Data
Processing
Facility
Data Processing to/from Storage
• e.g., updating a bank
statement.
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus
Data
Processing
Facility
Data Processing from Storage to I/O
• e.g., printing a bank
statement.
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Control
Movement
Mechanism
Apparatus
Data
Processing
Facility