Unit 2: Innovation Cycle & Engineering
Design
Engineering Design: Introduction to
innovation Cycle; Typical Design Thinking
Process; Engineering Design Process, Multidisciplinary
facet of design, Pair wise comparison chart, generation of
multiple solution, Pugh Chart
Introduction to innovation cycle
The term innovation is widely known, even though it is often confused
with Inventions.
Invention refers to the occurrence of an idea for a product or process
that has never been made before like Creation of a new product. An
original idea and its working in theory. It requires Scientific skills.
Innovation implies the implementation of idea for product or process
for the very first time like Adding value to something already existing.
Practical implementation of new idea. It requires Set of marketing,
technical and strategic skills. A need is felt for a product or
improvement in existing product.
Examples of Engineering
Designs
Engineering involved:
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Civil
• Automobile
• Instrumentation
• Electronics and
Telecommunication
• Computer Science and
Engineering
About Engineering Design
problems
Most engineering designs can be classified as inventions-devices or
systems that are created by human effort and did not exist before or are
improvements over existing devices or systems.
They are the result of bringing together technologies to meet human
needs or to solve problems.
Design activity occurs over a period of time and requires a step-by-step
methodology.
Design problems are open ended in nature, which means they have more
than one correct solution.
Design problems are usually more vaguely defined than analysis
problems.
Solving design problems is often an iterative process.
The solution to a design problem does not suddenly appear in a vacuum.
A good solution requires a methodology or process.
Engineering Design Process
The five steps used for solving design problems are:
1. Define the problem
2. Gather pertinent information
3. Generate multiple solutions
4. Analyze and select a solution
5. Test and implement the solution
1. Define the Problem
The first step in the design process is the problem
definition.
This definition usually contains a listing of the
product or
customer requirements and specially information
about product functions and features among other
things.
Develop a Problem Statement
to formulate the problem in clear and unambiguous terms
To reach a clear definition, they collect data, run experiments, and perform
computations
Design a better mousetrap
existing mousetraps are inadequate because they don't provide protection from the
deadly Hantavirus carried by mice
Design a mousetrap that allows for the sanitary disposal of the trapped
mouse, minimizing human exposure to the Hantavirus
Design a mousetrap that sprays the trapped mouse with disinfectant
A Better Mousetrap: Certain rodents such as the common mouse are carriers and
transmitters of an often fatal virus, the Hantavirus. Conventional mousetraps expose
people to this virus as they handle the trap and dispose of the mouse.
Design a mousetrap that allows a person to trap and dispose of a mouse
without being exposed to any bacterial or viral agents being carried on the
mouse
Establish Criteria for Success
The criteria that apply to a particular design problem are based on your
background knowledge and the research that you've conducted
Design Team: people from backgrounds other than engineering, such as
managers, scientists, and technicians
list of preliminary criteria
The design must be low cost.
The design should be safe, particularly with small children.
The design should not be detrimental to the environment.
The design should be aesthetically pleasing.
The design should be simple to operate, with minimum human effort.
The design must be disposable (you don't reuse the trap).
The design should not cause undue pain and suffering for the mouse.
2. Gather Pertinent Information
Do research to collect the relevant information for the
design of the product and its functional specifications.
A survey regarding the availability of similar products
in the market should be performed at this stage.
searching for information about your problem
will pay big dividends later in the design process
Is the problem real and its statement accurate?
Is there really a need for a new solution or has the problem already been
solved?
What are the existing solutions to the problem?
What is wrong with the way the problem is currently being solved?
What is right about the way the problem is currently being solved?
What companies manufacture the existing solution to the problem?
What are the economic factors governing the solution?
How much will people pay for a solution to the problem?
What other factors are important to the problem solution (such as safety,
aesthetics and environmental issues)?
Survey, Resources
Your success as an engineer and student will be enhanced if you are
able to use the library effectively
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
Handbook of Mechanical Engineering
Electronic catalog
Indexed journals
Internet
3. Generate Multiple Solutions
Once the details of the design are clearly identified,
the design team with inputs from test, manufacturing,
and marketing teams generates multiple alternatives
to achieve the goals and the requirements of the
design.
Improve your creative ability
Curiosity and tolerance of the unknown. Creative people have a positive curiosity of
the unknown. They are not afraid of what they don't understand.
Openness to new experiences. Creative people have a healthy and positive attitude
toward new experiences.
Willingness to take risks. Creative people are not afraid to take risks and try new
experiences or ideas, knowing that they may be misunderstood and criticized by
others. They are self-confident and not afraid to fail.
Ability to observe details and see the "whole picture." Creative people notice and
observe details relating to the problem, but they also can step back and see the
bigger picture.
No fear of problems. Creative people are not afraid to tackle complex problems, and
they even search for problems to solve. They seek solutions to problems with their
own abilities and experience if possible. They have the attitude of "if you want
something done, you'd better do it yourself.“
Ability to concentrate and focus on the problem until it's solved. Creative people can
set goals and stick to them until they're reached. They focus on a problem and do not
give up until the problem is solved. They have persistence and tenacity.
4. Analyze and Select a Solution
Considering cost, safety, and other criteria for
selection, the more promising alternatives are
selected for further analysis.
Detail design and analysis step enables a complete
study of the solutions and result in identification of the
final design that best fits the product requirements.
Analysis of Design Solutions
Functional analysis
Industrial design/Ergonomics
Mechanical/Strength analysis
Electrical/Electromagnetic
Manufacturability/Testability
Product safety and liability
Economic and market analysis
Regulatory and Compliance
5. Test and Implement the
Solution
Following previous step, However, when solving a design
problem, you may find at any
a prototype of the point in the process that you
design is constructed need to go back to a previous
and functional tests are step.
performed to verify and The solution you chose may
prove unworkable for any
possibly modify the number of reasons and may
design. require redefining the problem,
collecting more information, or
generating different solutions.
Complete
Iterative Process
This continuous
iterative process is
represented in the
adjacent figure.
Engineering Design Process – Different perspectives
Once upon a time, in a village, there lived six blind men.
One day the villagers were very excited, and when they asked what was
happening they told them, "Hey, there is an elephant in the village today!"
They had no idea what an elephant was, and so they decided, “to feel it. And
went to where the elephant was, and touched it:
"Hey, the elephant is a pillar," said the first man, touching its leg. "Oh, no! it is
like a rope," said the second man, who was touching the tail.
"Oh, no! it is like the spear," said the third man, touching the tusk of the elephant.
"It is like a big hand fan" said the fourth man, who was touching its ear.
"It is like a huge wall," said the fifth man, touching the side of the elephant. "It is
like a snake," said the sixth man, touching the trunk of the elephant.
They began to argue and each of them insisted that he was right.
The moral -- even if you don't agree with someone, there may be some truth to
what they say. Sometimes we can see that truth and sometimes we can't,
because they have a different perspective to us, but we must realise that they
have their own experiences that make them think this way.
Video link
1.
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What Makes a Good Problem Statement?
A problem statement is important to a Design Thinking project, because it will
guide you and your team and provides a focus on the specific needs that you have
uncovered. It also creates a sense of possibility and optimism that allows team
members to spark off ideas in the Ideation stage, which is the third and following
stage in the Design Thinking process. A good problem statement should thus have
the following traits. It should be:
Human-centred. This requires you to frame your problem statement according
to specific users, their needs and the insights that your team has gained in the
Empathies phase. The problem statement should be about the people the team is
trying to help, rather than focusing on technology, monetary returns or product
specifications.
Broad enough for creative freedom. This means that the problem statement
should not focus too narrowly on a specific method regarding the implementation
of the solution. The problem statement should also not list technical
requirements, as this would unnecessarily restrict the team and prevent them
from exploring areas that might bring unexpected value and insight to the
project.
Narrow enough to make it manageable. On the other hand, a problem
statement such as , “Improve the human condition,” is too broad and will likely
cause team members to easily feel daunted. Problem statements should have
Activity 4
AIM :
Formulate problem statement for
selected need statement
problem
1. need statement
2. problem statement
3. SOLUTIONS ( MIN 4 SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEM)