Activity 1. Tummy Puzzle!
Directions: There are 15 Hidden terms in the word puzzle associated to digestive system.
M W Q S D F F O O D M E T S Y
O T R S A L I V A Z G S Q M K
U B P A N C R E A S A O G A H
T E E T H X M P X S L P D L H
H H J O C K L P F H L H W L Q
S D F N A H A H S Q B A T I G
G H J G M K L A F Q L G W N T
A S W U O R T R Q D A U T T G
F G H E T M J Y R K D S L E P
F S W E S G H N E J D K L S V
L I V E R F B X C D E Q E T Y
G H J K V D F G T A R X A I W
G H J K D S A N U S Q E R N T
H J K S A E W A M X C B F E Q
L A R G E I N T E S T I N E F
THE FOOD ENTERS THE MOUTH, IS MOVED
THROUGH A LONG TUBE, AND EXITS THE ANUS AS
FECES.
THE FOOD IS BROKEN DOWN INTO SOLUBLE
MOLECULES AND IS MOVED RHYTHMICALLY BY
SMOOTH MUSCLE IN THE WALLS OF THE DIGESTIVE
ORGANS.
SPONGES, FLATWORMS
ROUNDWORMS, SEGMENTED WORMS, SHELLS,
FISHES, AMPHIBIANS, MAMMALS, BIRDS
• Chew, tear, grind, mash, and mix
Processes of the Digestive
System
•A. INGESTION is the first process
that happens in digestive system. It
is the journey of taking in food or
any
substance into the body through the
mouth.
B. DIGESTION
is the second process involved in digestive system.
Both chemical and mechanical digestions begin immediately
in the mouth.
While the food is in the mouth, the teeth cut, crush, and
break it apart into tiny pieces while the tongue helps mix
food with saliva secreted by the salivary glands forming
into a moist ball called bolus so it can be easily swallowed.
This process is known as mastication or chewing which is the
initial stage of digestion. The saliva contains salivary
amylase, the enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller
carbohydrate.
Then, the bolus passes from the mouth to the esophagus - a
tube that attaches the mouth to the stomach.
A series of wave-like muscle contractions known as peristalsis push
and transport foods and liquids in small sections to the stomach.
• The primary function of the stomach is to store food,
which turns to chyme after being acted on by the
stomach acid.
• Chyme is a semifluid material formed from bolus
that is acted upon by the gastric juices secreted by
the stomach. The walls of the stomach have special
cells that secrete gastric juices like hydrochloric
acid and pepsin that begin the chemical breakdown
of proteins.
• C. Absorption is the third process that
happens in the digestive system.
• It occurs mostly in the small intestine where
several digestive juices, pancreatic juice, and bile
aid in the chemical digestion of food.
• Absorption is the process of passing the soluble
food molecules in the wall of the small intestine
through the villi – the tiny, finger-like projections
of the intestinal wall. Each villus contains blood
capillaries that enable it to absorb water,glucose,
amino acids, vitamins, minerals,and fatty acids.
• [Link] (absorption of B12) is
the fourth process that occurs in the
digestive system.
• It is the movement of digested food
nutrients into the blood vessels of the
small intestine through diffusion and use
of nutrients into the body cells through
the microvilli .
• E. Egestion is the last process that occurs in
the digestive system.
• It is the release of undigested food
collected in the rectum called feces and
pushed out of the body through the anus by
defecation.
• Tonguemixes food with saliva (contains amylase)
Teeth mechanically break which helps break down starch into simple sugar).
down food into small pieces.
• Epiglottis: flap-like structure at the back of the throat.
• Closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located
in the Pharynx
Approximately 20 cm long.
• Functions include: Secreting mucus and moving food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis
muscular bag that stores the food and breaks it down into tiny pieces.
Mixes food with gastric juices that contain enzymes to break down proteins and lipids
Foods found in the stomach is called chyme.
Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area.
• The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.
Small
Intestine
• •Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the
small intestine.
• •Absorbs:
• 80% ingested water
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Secretes digestive enzymes
• Large Intestine
• •Absorbs nutrients left behind by the small intestines.
• • The end of the large intestine is the rectum. (short term
storage which holds feces before it is expelled).
Accessory Organs- The Glands
• •Not part of the path of ingested food, but play a critical role in digestion.
• Includes:
• Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
• Liver
• Directly affects digestion by producing bile
Bile aids in the digestion of fat
• Filters out toxins and waste including drugs, alcohol and poisons.
• Gall Bladder
• • Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small
intestine.
• • Fatty diets can cause the formation of gallstones
• Pancreas
• • Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and
proteins
• •Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
EEL
GARFISH
SALAMANDER
•ONE CANNOT THINK
WELL, LOVE WELL, SLEEP
WELL, IF ONE HAS NOT
DINED WELL.
BY Virginia Wolf